Sobre as causas de morte post-operatorias

Resumo do artigo de G. Petren (Suecia), publicado no  "Ann. of Surgery", Julho 1930

Current effects and consequences of tracking

Tracking and ability grouping have long been controversial topics in American education. Researchers have been collecting data on their effects for almost three quarters of a century and still disagree about their merits (Kulik and Kulik, 1987). Educators and policy makers have argued about the effects of ability grouping and tracking for an even longer time. Reviewers of research cannot reach an agreement about the value of homogeneous grouping, yet in 1985 it was determined that in 77 percent of all American schools, ability grouping and tracking were practiced to some degree (Dawson, 1987)

Tinnitus and Self-Perceived Hearing Handicap in Firefighters: a Cross-Sectional Study

Firefighters are susceptible to auditory dysfunction due to long-term exposure to noise from sirens, air horns, equipment, and tools used in forcible entry, ventilation, and extrication. In addition, they are exposed to ototoxic chemicals, particularly, during overhaul operations. Studies indicate that 40% of firefighters have hearing loss in the noise-sensitive frequencies of 4 and 6 kHz. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is often accompanied by tinnitus, which is characterized by ringing noise in the ears. The presence of phantom sounds can adversely affect the performance of firefighters. However, there has been limited research conducted on the prevalence of tinnitus in firefighters. We enrolled firefighters from Michigan, with at least 5 years of continuous service. The hearing handicap inventory for adults (HHIA) was used to determine the difficulty in hearing perceived by the firefighters and the tinnitus functional index (TFI) was used to determine the severity of tinnitus. Self-perceived hearing handicap was reported by 36% of the participants, while tinnitus was reported by 48% of the participants. The TFI survey indicated that 31% perceived tinnitus as a problem. More importantly, self-perceived hearing handicap was significantly associated with the incidence of tinnitus in firefighters, suggesting a potential link between occupational exposure to ototraumatic agents and tinnitus in firefighters

Refinement and Preliminary Testing of an Imagery-Based Program to Improve Coping and Performance and Prevent Trauma among Urban Police Officers

Police officers are regularly exposed to traumatic critical incidents. The substantial mental, behavioral, and social costs of police trauma indicate a substantial need for prevention. We have refined and enhanced a previously tested Swedish program to the harsh conditions of U.S. inner cities. The program was designed to strengthen resilience during stressful encounters and teach methods of coping after exposure, thereby preventing the emergence of maladaptive symptoms and behaviors with adverse effects on professionalism. In an uncontrolled demonstration project, junior officers were trained by senior officers to engage in imaginal rehearsal of specific dangerous situations while incorporating optimal police tactics and healthy emotional reactions. A class of 32 officers in the police academy engaged in the program, and they and the trainers reported high satisfaction with it. After their first year of field work, 22 officers were reassessed. Compared to pre-training, these officers showed significant increases in the use of positive reframing and humor and significant reductions in anxiety and alcohol use over the year. Trauma symptoms did not increase. These results offer preliminary evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of this trauma prevention program for new police officers

Exposure to climate risks and youth engagement with climate change

Effectively mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change over the coming decades will require the active engagement of today’s youth. This research adds to a growing body of work focused on youth climate change engagement by testing whether physical exposure to climate risks influences middle school and high school students’ intentions to engage in pro-climate behaviors above and beyond several previously identified social and psychological variables. A total of 222 middle and high school students across 11 states were surveyed to measure cognitive, social, and demographic factors known to influence pro-climate behavior. We combined this survey data with data from a national assessment of climate risks and conducted a hierarchical regression model predicting intentions to engage in pro-climate behaviors. Physical exposure to climate risks was not a significant predictor in our model. Rather, we found that the only significant predictors of behavioral intentions were perceived risks of climate change and frequency of discussions with friends and family. Since the size and geographic distribution of our sample was limited, future research is needed to build on these findings and the role youth may play in mitigating climate change

Sobre as causas de morte post-operatorias

Resumo do artigo de G. Petren (Suecia), publicado no  "Ann. of Surgery", Julho 1930