Classical Electromagnetic Fields from Quantum Sources in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Electromagnetic fields are generated in high energy nuclear collisions by spectator valence protons. These fields are traditionally computed by integrating the Maxwell equations with point sources. One might expect that such an approach is valid at distances much larger than the proton size and thus such a classical approach should work well for almost the entire interaction region in the case of heavy nuclei. We argue that, in fact, the contrary is true: due to the quantum diffusion of the proton wave function, the classical approximation breaks down at distances of the order of the system size. We compute the electromagnetic field created by a charged particle described initially as a Gaussian wave packet of width 1 fm and evolving in vacuum according to the Klein-Gordon equation. We completely neglect the medium effects. We show that the dynamics, magnitude and even sign of the electromagnetic field created by classical and quantum sources are different.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. V2: a numerical error corrected, figures improved, other minor improvement

Charge-Dependent Correlations in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions and the Chiral Magnetic Effect

We provide a phenomenological analysis of present experimental searches for local parity violation manifested through the Chiral Magnetic Effect. We introduce and discuss the relevant correlation functions used for the measurements. Our analysis of the available data from both RHIC and LHC shows that the present experimental evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect is rather ambiguous. We further discuss in some detail various background contributions due to conventional physics, which need to be understood quantitatively in order to draw a definitive conclusion about the existence of local parity violation in heavy ion collisions.Comment: 37 pages, to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A. Schmitt, H.-U. Ye

Suicidal Intent, Electroconvulsive Therapy, & Length of Stay

1.5Full digital generat a partir de la base topogràfica 1:5 000. Els fulls d'aquesta sèrie corresponen a la divisió 4 x 4 de la malla de distribució del Mapa topográfico nacional de España 1:50 000. Cada full inclou 2 finestres (Mapa índex de la sèrie; Mapa guia). - Projecció Universal Transversa Mercator (UTM), fus 31, sobre el·lipsoide internacional i datum europeu. Equidistància de les corbes de nivell: 5 m.Imatge digital de 90 x 67 cm1:5 000300 PP