Reuben

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Criticism of the English Novel in the Eighteenth Century

The difficulty which presents itself to anyone writing a work such as this is the determination of the standard of criticism that can be applied to the novels of the eighteenth century. It is for this reason that it is necessary to make a rather intensive study of the biographers of the novelists of that period and the men who devoted a great amount of time and labor to this task. Merely to read the novels is not sufficient. For, although one can obtain a fairly accurate determination of the author\u27s purpose and and ideas, one can never be very sure one\u27s opinions are right. A brief history of the novel up to the eighteenth century is also necessary to provide the proper background and the influence on the novel as interpreted by Richardson, Fielding, Smollett, Sterne, Goldsmith, and others. This part will be treated in the first chapter of this thesis. We will endeavor to discover in turn what the novelists of the eighteenth century considered a good novel. That they did conform to certain standards of criticism is apparent from the novels as well as the word of the authors themselves. We cannot read the novels without noting the individuality in style and philosophy, but we are aware .that there exists some similarity in the standards of a good novel. The books used to aid us in this study of the eighteenth century novel were many, but we wish to voice our appreciation of two books that have been a great help to us. The Eighteenth Century Novel in Theory and Practice by Charles Herbert Huffman, M.A. has one of the most clear and comprehensive studies of the novel of that day that we have been able to acquire. Wilbur T. Cross\u27s Development of the Novel has also aided us greatly in this study. To these two authors and the others mentioned in the Bibliography we wish to voice our sincere appreciation

Pansies for Thought : Waltz

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Geoffrey Keating, William Thomas, Raymond Williams, and the Terminology of Folklore: 'Bealoideas' as a 'Keyword'

Article

Increasing Social Interaction in High Functioning Autistic Adolescents: A Group Program

Social interaction deficits are one of the hallmark characteristics of the Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Improvements in social interaction positively affect areas such as language, confidence, and employment, even when not specifically targeted (Rogers, 2000). Thus, social skill improvement has traditionally been one of the most important intervention outcomes in treating individuals with ASD (Rogers, 2000). To date, there have been limited attempts made to combine results of preexisting ASD social skill research and program elements. The purpose of this research is to gather and synthesize information from existing ASD social group programs in order to design an evidence-based program that provides opportunities for the development of meaningful relationships, while improving social interaction skills in adolescent individuals with ASD

Floral Product Marketing in Greater Los Angeles

Excerpts from the report: The floral products industry in the greater Los Angeles area was surveyed to determine the nature and direction of changes in floral product marketing in Southern California. Researchers focused on the impact changes might have on the retail and wholesale segments of the industry. They also considered the relocation of the wholesale floral markets on Wall Street, in downtown Los Angeles, to another, more suitable site. These two objectives are related since structural changes within the industry affect decisions regarding relocation. Information presented is based on extensive interviews with floral product producers, wholesalers, retailers, and importers. More than 100 individuals were interviewed. Information gathered from the interviews was used in preparing this report. Additional information was gathered from four surveys, two targeting retail florists in the Los Angeles five-county area, one directed at wholesalers located in the Wall Street markets in downtown Los Angeles, and one targeted to all growers of floral products in California and selected growers in neighboring States

Identification of an \u3ci\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/i\u3e Genetic Locus Involved in Thermoregulation of the \u3ci\u3epap\u3c/i\u3e Operon

We previously showed, using a single-copy papBAp-lac fusion (previously designated papBA-lac), that pyelonephritis-associated pili (pap) pilin gene transcription is subject to both phase variation and thermoreg- ulatory control mechanisms (L. B. Blyn, B. A. Braaten, C. A. White-Ziegler, D. H. Rolfson, and D. A. Low, EMBO J. 8:613-620, 1989). At 37°C, Escherichia coli strains carrying the papBAp-lac fusion displayed both Lac\u27 and Lac- colony phenotypes. In contrast, at 23°C, colonies displayed a uniform Lac- phenotype, suggesting that pilin was not transcribed at this temperature. In this study, a strain carrying the papBAp-lac fusion was subjected to mini-TnlO (mTnlO) mutagenesis to isolate mutants that could initiate transcription of pilin at the nonpermissive temperature. Two classes of thermoregulatory mutants were identified in which the mTnlO mutation was linked to the mutant phenotype. Class I mutants displayed a phase variation phenotype at both 37°C and 23°C, whereas class II mutants displayed a uniform Lac\u27 colony phenotype at both temperatures. Preliminary analysis of these mutants showed that the mTnlO insertions in the class I mutants were chromosomally located, whereas the mTnlO insertions in the class II mutants were located within the papBAp-lac fusion phage. Southern blot analysis of the class I mutants demonstrated that mTnlO was present in the same 5.9-kilobase Sall DNA fragment in each mutant. Two of the class I mTnlO mutations were mapped to approximately 23.4 min on the E. coli K-12 chromosome. The locus defined by the class I mTnlO mutations was designated tcp, for thermoregulatory control ofpap. Analysis of phase transition rates of the class I mutants showed that the phase-off (Lac-)\u3e phase-on (Lac\u27) transition rates were higher than those observed with the nonmutant E. coli strain

Phase-Variation of Pyelonephritis-Associated Pili in \u3ci\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/i\u3e: Evidence for Transcriptional Regulation

The regulation of pyelonephritis-associated pill (pap) pflin gene transcription has been examined using two operons (pap-17 and pap-21) isolated from the pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli strain C1212. DNA sequence analysis and E.coli minicell analysis were used to map two genes (papB and papl) within the pilin regulatory regions of both pap-17 and pap-21, and the protein products of these genes were identified. Pilin transcription, initiated at the papBA promoter, was monitored by constructing single copy operon fusions with lacZYA in E.coli K-12. Inocula- tion of E.coli (pap\u27-lac) strains onto solid M9 minimal medium containing glycerol and the Lac indicator X-gal (M9-Glycerol) yielded both Lac\u27 and Lac- colony phenotypes. The Lac\u27 (\u27phase on\u27) and Lac- (\u27phase off\u27) phenotypes were heritable since reinoculation of M9-Glycerol with bacteria picked from Lac\u27 colonies gave rise to a much higher fraction of Lac\u27 colonies than reinoculation of M9-Glycerol with bacteria picked from Lac- colonies. Measurement of phase transition rates for E.coli (pap17\u27-lac) inoculated onto M9-Gly- cerol showed that the Lac - -Lac+ transition frequency (1.57 x 10-4/cell/generation) was reduced 35-fold when cells were inoculated onto minimal medium containing glucose (M9-Glucose). However, the Lac+-Lac- transition frequency obtained using M9-Glycerol (2.60 x 10-2/cell/generation) was 1.4-fold lower compared to results obtained with M9-Glucose. In contrast, lowering the incubation temperature of E.coli (pap17\u27-lac) cultures from 37°C to 23\u27C caused all cells to shift to the Lac- state. Together, our results strongly indicate that pap pfli phase-variation is transcriptionally regulated and show that phase-variation is responsive to changes in the bacterial environment