Estudio longitudinal de la comunicación referencial en niños de 4 a 8 años

El presente trabajo analiza las conductas comunicativas en un estudio longitudinal de 1O parejas de niños, evaluados por primera vez a los 4;6 años y reevaluados a los 6;6 y 8;7 años de edad. El procedimiento utilizado se sitúa en la línea de investigación referencial-ecológica, caracterizada por incorporar al paradigma referencial clásico el análisis de la guia que proporciona el adulto experimentador. Los resultados presentados conciemen a las características estructurales de la comunicación, las estrategias comunicativas producidas por los tres interlocutores y los patrones secuenciales de la interacción. Los resultados muestran la permanencia de ciertas estructuras y un incremento de las estrategias y la complejidud de los patrones comunicatives con la edad. Estos resultados confirman la hipótesis del incremento de competencia comunicativa con la edad, que simultáneamente a la constatación del descenso de la función de tutela del adulto, implican una mayor toma de conciencia de loss procesos involucrados en la emisión-comprensión del lenguaje. La relación entre toma de conciencia, regulación y procesos metacognitivos deberd continuar explorándose en próximos estudios

Estudio longitudinal de la comunicación referencial en niños de 4 a 8 años

This paper analyzes communicative behaviour in a longitudinal study with ten pairs of children, evaluated for the first time at age 4;6 and reevaluated at age 6;6 and 8;7. The procedure used follows the lines of referential-ecological research which incorporates an appraisal of the guidance offered by the adult examiner. The results refect the structural characteristics of communication, the communicative strategies produced by the three interlocutors and the sequential interaction patterns. They show the persistence of certain structures, an increase in the number of strategies used, and an increase in the complexity of communicative patterns with age. These results confirm the hypothesis of increasing communicative competence with age while simultaneously confirming the fall in the adult's guiding function, thus implying greater awareness of the processes involved in language emission-comprehension. The relationship between awareness, regulation and metacognitive processes should be explored further in future studies.El presente trabajo analiza las conductas comunicativas en un estudio longitudinal de 10 parejas de niños, evaluados por primera vez a los 4;6 años y reevaluados a los 6;6 y 8;7 años de edad. El procedimiento utilizado se sitúa en la línea de investigación referencial-ecológica, caracterizada por incorporar al paradigma referencial clásico el análisis de la guia que proporciona el adulto experimentador. Los resultados presentados conciernen a las características estructurales de la comunicación, las estrategias comunicativas producidas por los tres interlocutores y los patrones secuenciales de la interacción. Los resultados muestran la permanencia de ciertas estructuras y un incremento de las estrategias y la complejidad de los patrones comunicatives con la edad. Estos resultados confirman la hipótesis del incremento de competencia comunicativa con la edad, que simultáneamente a la constatación del descenso de la función de tutela del adulto, implican una mayor toma de conciencia de los procesos involucrados en la emisión-comprensión del lenguaje. La relación entre toma de conciencia, regulación y procesos metacognitivos deberá continuar explordndose en próximos estudios

The role of inflammation in neurological disorders: a brief overview of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease’

Neuroinflammation is a central feature in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases, including MS, AD, and PD. This review aims to synthesize current research on the role of inflammation in these conditions, emphasizing the potential of inflammatory biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. We highlight recent findings on the mechanisms of neuroinflammation, the utility of biomarkers in disease differentiation, and the implications for therapeutic strategies. Advances in understanding inflammatory pathways offer promising avenues for developing targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in larger cohorts and integrating them into clinical practice to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy

The use of plasma exchange with albumin replacement in the management of Alzheimer’s disease: a scoping review

IntroductionAD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing significant cognitive decline and impaired daily functioning. Current treatments offer only modest relief, and many amyloid-targeting therapies have failed, prompting exploration of alternative approaches such as PE with albumin replacement.ObjectivesThis scoping review systematically maps the literature on PE with albumin replacement in AD management, focusing on outcomes, methodologies, and reported benefits and risks.MethodsA comprehensive search in PubMed, supplemented by reference scanning and hand-searching, identified studies involving PE with albumin replacement in AD patients. Data charting and critical appraisal were conducted using standardized tools.ResultsSeven primary studies from the AMBAR (Alzheimer Management by Albumin Replacement) trial met the inclusion criteria, consistently reporting improvements in cognitive function, positive neuroimaging results, and favorable neuropsychiatric outcomes. For instance, one study found a significant slowing of cognitive decline (p < 0.05) among patients receiving PE with albumin replacement. Another study showed better preservation of hippocampal volume and improved brain perfusion metrics in the treatment group (p < 0.05). The intervention was generally well-tolerated with manageable side effects.ConclusionPE with albumin replacement is a promising therapeutic approach for AD, warranting further investigation to confirm its efficacy and safety across broader settings.Scoping review registrationhttps://osf.io/v6dez/?view_only=1cd9637e7e0347d39713bf19aac0dfe8

Stromal vascular fraction therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review

Background: Regenerative cell therapies, such as adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), have been postulated as potential treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of SVF treatment against placebo and other standard therapies for treating KOA in adult patients. Design: A systematic review. Data sources and methods: We searched the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Epistemonikos, PEDro, DynaMed, TripDatabase, Elsevier via Clinicalkey and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. We included prospective interventional studies where treatment with SVF in adults with KOA was compared against placebo or other standard therapies, and results were objectively measured with at least one widely recognised osteoarthritis scale. Results: Among 266 studies published until May 2021, nine met our inclusion criteria. A total of 239 patients (274 knees) were included in our study. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months. Six studies had a control group (only one being placebo). All studies showed that SVF improved pain and functionality measured, in most cases, with the visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. In addition, five studies reported an improvement in anatomical structures, as detected in MR images. However, the number of cells contained in SVF varied substantially between different studies, which could induce a comparison bias. Conclusion: Although based on a small number of dissimilar studies, SVF was considered a safe treatment for KOA and could be promising in terms of pain, functionality and anatomical structure improvement. However, SVF products need to be standardised, the number of cells homogenised and the use of concomitant treatments reduced to establish proper comparisons

Las habilidades sociales del docente universitario: una formación hacia la competencia interpersonal

Desde el ICE de la UPC se ha planteado una nueva formación dirigida a todo el profesorado basada en la adquisición de competencias docentes. Uno de los módulos de formación puesto en marcha trabaja la adquisición de la competencia interpersonal. Hasta la fecha se han realizado dos cursos a lo largo del año 2013. En este artículo se detallan los contenidos tratados en el módulo y las experiencias desarrolladas por algunos de los profesores que lo pusieron en práctica.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Bapineuzumab for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease in two global, randomized, phase 3 trials

Background Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy (clinical and biomarker) and safety of intravenous bapineuzumab in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Two of four phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 18-month trials were conducted globally: one in apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers and another in noncarriers. Patients received bapineuzumab 0.5 mg/kg (both trials) or 1.0 mg/kg (noncarrier trial) or placebo every 13 weeks. Coprimary endpoints were change from baseline to week 78 on the 11-item Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale and the Disability Assessment for Dementia. Results A total of 683 and 329 patients completed the current carrier and noncarrier trials, respectively, which were terminated prematurely owing to lack of efficacy in the two other phase 3 trials of bapineuzumab in AD. The current trials showed no significant difference between bapineuzumab and placebo for the coprimary endpoints and no effect of bapineuzumab on amyloid load or cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau. (Both measures were stable over time in the placebo group.) Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with edema or effusion were confirmed as the most notable adverse event. Conclusions These phase 3 global trials confirmed lack of efficacy of bapineuzumab at tested doses on clinical endpoints in patients with mild to moderate AD. Some differences in the biomarker results were seen compared with the other phase 3 bapineuzumab trials. No unexpected adverse events were observed. Trial registration Noncarriers (3000) ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00667810; registered 24 Apr 2008. Carriers (3001) ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00676143; registered 2 May 2008

Selenium biofortification of microgreens : Influence on phytochemicals, pigments and nutrients

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABKale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.), kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bancal) microgreens were cultivated in presence of selenium 20 μmol L−1 as sodium selenite and sodium selenate mixture. The influence of this biofortification process was evaluated in terms of biomass production, total Se, macro- and micronutrients concentration, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, chlorophylls and carotenoids levels and total soluble proteins content. The results obtained have shown a significant concentration of total Se in the biofortified microgreens of kale (133 μg Se·g−1 DW) and kohlrabi (127 μg Se·g−1 DW) higher than that obtained for wheat (28 μg Se·g−1 DW). The Se uptake in all the species did not produce oxidative damage to the plants reflected in the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity or pigments concentration. These Se-enriched microgreens may contribute to the recommended intake of this nutrient in human diet as to overcome Se-deficiency