Interactions between vaccinia virus and sensitized macrophages in vitro

The action of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from normal and vaccinia virus infected mice on infectious vaccinia virus particles was investigatedin vitro. PEC from immune mice showed a significantly higher infectivity titre reduction (virus clearance, VC) than normal cells. This effect could be clearly attributed to the macrophage. Vaccinia virus multiplied in PEC from normal animals while there was no virus propagation in cells from immunized mice. The release of adsorbed or engulfed virus was reduced significantly in PEC from immunized animals. Anti-vaccinia-antibodies seem to activate normal macrophages to increased virus clearance. This stimulating effect was demonstrable only in the IgG fraction of the antiserum. The activity of macrophages from mice injected three times over a period of 14 days with vaccinia virus could be entirely blocked with anti-mouse-IgG, while PEC from mice injected one time six days previously were not inhibited

Development and Optimization of a GMP-Compliant Manufacturing Process for a Personalized Tumor Lysate Dendritic Cell Vaccine.

With the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell therapies, there is a considerable interest in using personalized autologous dendritic cell (DC) vaccines in combination with T cell-targeting immunotherapies to potentially maximize the therapeutic impact of DC vaccines. Here, we describe the development and optimization of a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing process based on tumor lysate as a tumor antigen source for the production of an oxidized tumor cell lysate loaded DC (OC-DC) vaccine. The manufacturing process required one day for lysate preparation and six days for OC-DC vaccine production. Tumor lysate production was standardized based on an optimal tumor digestion protocol and the immunogenicity was improved through oxidation using hypochloric acid prior to freeze-thaw cycles resulting in the oxidized tumor cell lysate (OC-L). Next, monocytes were selected using the CliniMACS prodigy closed system and were placed in culture in cell factories in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF. Immature DCs were loaded with OC-L and matured using MPLA-IFNγ. After assessing the functionality of the OC-DC cells (IL12p70 secretion and COSTIM assay), the OC-DC vaccine was cryopreserved in multiple doses for single use. Finally, the stability of the formulated doses was tested and validated. We believe this GMP-compliant DC vaccine manufacturing process will facilitate access of patients to personalized DC vaccines, and allow for multi-center clinical trials

MEA Component Durability

Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) lifetime of greater than 40,000 hours remains a goal of the fuel cell industry. However, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of MEA degradation. Specifically, the relationship between component physical property changes and MEA performance decay has not been established. We report preliminary data relating changes in gas diffusion layer (GDL) physical properties to fuel cell performance decay

Ionisation chimique négative:étude de réactions ion-molécule en phase gazeuse

Eceng gondok yang merupakan limbah dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai alternatif potensi energi biogas. Pembentukan biogas dari eceng gondok memerlukan waktu tinggal (LT) yang masih lama yaitu antara 30-35 hari untuk terjadinya pembentukan metana. Agar proses pembentukan metana tidak terlalu lama maka diperlukan stater agar bakteri metanogenik bertambah yang berasal dari kotoran sapi sehingga waktu tinggalnya jauh lebih singkat. Proses pembuatan biogas dimulai dari pembuatan digester, proses pengambilan eceng gondok dengan mencacah eceng gondok, persiapan stater kotoran sapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji parameter yang mempengaruhi laju produksi biogas,volume dan kualitas biogas yang dihasilkan dan menganalisis tingkat kelayakan ekonomi instalasi biogas skala rumah tangga sebagai sumber energi alternatif ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahap, yaitu: persiapan bahan baku, stater dan digester biogas plastik, pengamatan parameter yang mempengaruhi laju produksi biogas, serta analisis tekno-ekonomi. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan perbandingan bahan 1 : 1 (eceng gondong cacah 20 kg, air 20 kg) dan penambahan stater kotoran sapi 6 kg. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu aspek teknis biogas mulai berproduksi setelah 10 hari pengisian digester pada pH 7,1. Biogas yang dihasilkan diketahui dengan uji nyala langsung. Terlihat pada hari ke-10 nyala api yang dihasilkan masih kecil, tetapi ini menunjukan bahwa gas sudah terbentuk. pH digester berada antara 4,7 hingga 8,5. Terjadinya penurunan nilai TS dari inlet yaitu 46 kg ke outlet yaitu 28 kg, menunjukkan telah terjadi degradasi pada substrat di dalam digester. Sejalan dengan penurunan TS, juga terjadi penurunan BOD dan COD karena bakteri membutuhkan oksigen untuk merombak substratnya. Pada aspek ekonomis biaya investasi instalasi biogas digester palstik sebesar Rp 1.500.000,00. Biaya variabel yaitu biaya eceng gondok, kotoran sapi dan air sebesar Rp 150.000,00 pertahun. Harga Pokok Produksi biogas adalah Rp 3.836,08 dan jika dijual dengan margin 50% maka harga jual Rp 5.800,00. Titik balik modal (break even point) dalam satuan kilogram adalah sebesar 267,2 dan dalam rupiah sebesar Rp 1.025.000,00. payback period untuk investasi usaha biogas ini adalah selama 2,86 tahun

The Preparation of 5-(2',3',4'-Trimethoxyphenyl) -4,6,-Dicarbeth-Oxycyclohexanedione-1,3 and Derivatives

One thing that all research projects have in common is a beginning. For the beginning of this project, we must regress over a decade. In 1945 Papadakis synthesized for the first time 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-4,6-dicarbethoxycyclohexanadione-1,3, which is the parent substance of several compounds which have been prepared since then. |The original work done by Papadakis was a result of a great interest in substances resembling cardiac glycosides found in the digitalis plant. Fieser and Strain had accumulated all the work done up to that time on the structures, purification, extraction and essential functional groups of these substances. |As one would expect, the next step was to synthesize simpler compounds with the essential functional groups of the natural glycosides.ProQuest Traditional Publishing Optio

IN VITRO PHAGOCYTOSIS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS.

IN VITRO PHAGOCYTOSIS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS