Les interventions éducatives et leurs effets sur la qualité de vie des individus atteints de maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin: travail de Bachelor

Les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI) sont deux pathologies qui sont peu connues aux yeux de la population. Pourtant, elles ont un impact important sur la qualité de vie des personnes. L’objectif de cette revue de littérature est d'identifier les effets que les différentes interventions éducatives pourraient avoir sur la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes de MICI. Cette revue est composée de 8 articles qui regroupent des études randomisées contrôlées dont certaines en grappe ou en double aveugle, des revues systématiques (méta-analyse, méta-régression) et une revue critique

Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity : a synthesis

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is it recognized threat to plant diversity ill temperate and northern parts of Europe and North America. This paper assesses evidence from field experiments for N deposition effects and thresholds for terrestrial plant diversity protection across a latitudinal range of main categories of ecosystems. from arctic and boreal systems to tropical forests. Current thinking on the mechanisms of N deposition effects on plant diversity, the global distribution of G200 ecoregions, and current and future (2030) estimates of atmospheric N-deposition rates are then used to identify the risks to plant diversity in all major ecosystem types now and in the future. This synthesis paper clearly shows that N accumulation is the main driver of changes to species composition across the whole range of different ecosystem types by driving the competitive interactions that lead to composition change and/or making conditions unfavorable for some species. Other effects such its direct toxicity of nitrogen gases and aerosols long-term negative effects of increased ammonium and ammonia availability, soil-mediated effects of acidification, and secondary stress and disturbance are more ecosystem, and site-specific and often play a supporting role. N deposition effects in mediterranean ecosystems have now been identified, leading to a first estimate of an effect threshold. Importantly, ecosystems thought of as not N limited, such as tropical and subtropical systems, may be more vulnerable in the regeneration phase. in situations where heterogeneity in N availability is reduced by atmospheric N deposition, on sandy soils, or in montane areas. Critical loads are effect thresholds for N deposition. and the critical load concept has helped European governments make progress toward reducing N loads on sensitive ecosystems. More needs to be done in Europe and North America. especially for the more sensitive ecosystem types. including several ecosystems of high conservation importance. The results of this assessment Show that the Vulnerable regions outside Europe and North America which have not received enough attention are ecoregions in eastern and Southern Asia (China, India), an important part of the mediterranean ecoregion (California, southern Europe). and in the coming decades several subtropical and tropical parts of Latin America and Africa. Reductions in plant diversity by increased atmospheric N deposition may be more widespread than first thought, and more targeted Studies are required in low background areas, especially in the G200 ecoregions

High N, dry: Experimental nitrogen deposition exacerbates native shrub loss and nonnative plant invasion during extreme drought.

Hotter, longer, and more frequent global change-type drought events may profoundly impact terrestrial ecosystems by triggering widespread vegetation mortality. However, severe drought is only one component of global change, and ecological effects of drought may be compounded by other drivers, such as anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and nonnative plant invasion. Elevated N deposition, for example, may reduce drought tolerance through increased plant productivity, thereby contributing to drought-induced mortality. High N availability also often favors invasive, nonnative plant species, and the loss of woody vegetation due to drought may create a window of opportunity for these invaders. We investigated the effects of multiple levels of simulated N deposition on a Mediterranean-type shrubland plant community in southern California from 2011 to 2016, a period coinciding with an extreme, multiyear drought in the region. We hypothesized that N addition would increase native shrub productivity, but that this would increase susceptibility to drought and result in increased shrub loss over time. We also predicted that N addition would favor nonnatives, especially annual grasses, leading to higher biomass and cover of these species. Consistent with these hypotheses, we found that high N availability increased native shrub canopy loss and mortality, likely due to the higher productivity and leaf area and reduced water-use efficiency we observed in shrubs subject to N addition. As native shrub cover declined, we also observed a concomitant increase in cover and biomass of nonnative annuals, particularly under high levels of experimental N deposition. Together, these results suggest that the impacts of extended drought on shrubland ecosystems may be more severe under elevated N deposition, potentially contributing to the widespread loss of native woody species and vegetation-type conversion

Branden als EGM-maatregel

Periodiek branden is een traditionele gebruiks- of beheermethode die in het verleden op meerdere plaatsen werd toegepast. Dit gebeurde met name in heideterreinen en soms in duingraslanden, om de vegetatie te verjongen en de opslag van struiken en bomen tegen te gaan. geleidelijk is de beheersmethode uit het zicht verdwenen. In dit rapport zijn de ervaringen met periodiek branden en de kennis die er in binnenland en buitenland is over de effecten op de beschikbaarheid van nutriënten, vegetatie en fauna op een rij gezet. Het rapport geeft aan in welke situaties branden een aantrekkelijke effectgerichte maatregel kan zijn. In dit onderzoek (in het kader van OBN) werkten samen: Stichting Bargerveen, Bware en Alterr

Le rôle de l'infirmière dans la promotion de la mobilité pour prévenir les chutes chez les personnes âgées: travail de Bachelor

Cette revue de littérature a pour but d’apporter des pistes de compréhension concernant le rôle de l’infirmière dans la promotion de la mobilité chez les aînés afin de prévenir le risque de chutes

Study of the radiation hardness of CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals

This paper is devoted to the study of a degradation of CsI(Tl)crystals scintillation characteristics under irradiation with gamma-quanta at the uniformly distributed absorbed dose up to 3700 rad. The sample set consisted of 25 crystals of 30 cm long having a truncated pyramid shape and 30 rectangular crystals of the same length. A large difference in the light output deterioration caused by the radiation was observed for the samples of the same shape. A substantial dependence of the average light output loss from the sample shape is seen as well. On the other hand, the crystals from the same ingot behave very similarly under irradiation

Mechanism of single-spin asymmetries generation in the inclusive hadron processes

We discuss a nonperturbative mechanism for generation of the single-spin asymmetries in hadron interactions. It is based on the chiral quark model combined with unitarity and impact parameter picture and provides explanation for the experimental regularities observed under the measurements of the spin asymmetries.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

Nitrogen enrichment lowers Betula pendula green and yellow leaf stoichiometry irrespective of effects of elevated carbon dioxide.

Elevated carbon dioxide (C

Onderzoek naar de ecologische achteruitgang en het herstel van Zuid-Limburgse hellingschraallandcomplexen

De Zuid-Limburgse hellingschraallanden behoren tot de meest soortenrijke graslandtypen in ons land. Ze liggen op een gradiënt van zure heischrale graslanden bovenaan de helling en basische kalkgraslanden in het middendeel van de helling. Onderaan de helling komen voedselrijkere en dus meer ruige graslandtypen voor. Het oppervlak aan goed ontwikkelde hellingschraallanden is in de 20e eeuw sterk achteruit gegaan en ook de kwaliteit ervan. Om na te gaan wat de oorzaken zijn voor de achteruitgang van flora als fauna en hoe verder herstelbeheer moet plaatsvinden, is in 2005 in het kader van OBN een vierjarig onderzoek gestart. Hieruit blijkt dat er zeker nog perspectief is voor herstel van soortenrijke hellingsschraallanden. Het beheer binnen de hellingschraallanden kan verder geoptimaliseerd worden, zodat meer afvoer van nutriënten plaatsvindt en een meer heterogene vegetatiestructuur ontstaat. Ook moet de sterke mate van versnippering en isolatie van de hellingschraallanden worden aangepakt door het vergroten en onderling verbinden van de huidige reservaten