Discourses of Female Entrepreneurship in the Japanese Business Press – 25 Years and Little Progress

Drawing on social constructionist theory and critical discourse analysis in media studies, this article examines the portrayal of female entrepreneurs in the Japanese business press over a 25-year period from 1990 to 2014. We find that, despite the increased variety in the representations of female entrepreneurs, traditionally gendered discourses prevail in positioning women as inferior in the entrepreneurship discourse specifically, and in the social order at large. This positioning of female entrepreneurs is achieved by stereotypical representations, drawing on traditionally gendered ‘division of labour’ and ‘women and men are different’ frames, and is masked by seemingly feminist and progressive ‘work–life balance’ and ‘entrepreneurship as self-realization’ representations. Our findings resonate with those of other research in Western contexts and confirm the male-gendered nature of entrepreneurship in Japan. The discourses uncovered appear to be hinged on evaluative assumptions about the social world and women’s position within it and are reflective of and at the same time reify Japan’s capitalist male-dominated ideology. Moreover, as these portrayals shape societal attitudes, which are assumed to affect entrepreneurship levels, this lack of progress in the media discourse is likely to negatively affect female entrepreneurship levels

Torocyte Membrane Endovesicles Induced by Octaethyleneglycol Dodecylether in Human Erythrocytes

AbstractEndovesicles induced in human erythrocytes by octaethyleneglycol dodecylether (C12E8) were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy, using fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran as a nonspecific fluid marker. The endovesicles appeared to consist mainly of a ring-formed toroidal part joined with a central flat membrane segment. The torocyte contour length was several μm. There was usually one torocyte endovesicle per cell. The endovesicles seemed to be located near the cell surface. In sections of C12E8-treated erythrocytes transmission electron microscopy revealed the frequent occurrence of flat membrane structures with a bulby periphery, which apparently are cross sections of torocyte endovesicles. The possible physical mechanisms leading to the observed torocyte endovesicle shape are discussed. The torocyte endovesicles seem to be formed in a process in which an initially stomatocytic invagination loses volume while maintaining a large surface area. Because intercalation of C12E8 in the erythrocyte membrane induces inward membrane bending (stomatocytosis) we assume that C12E8 is preferentially located in the inner lipid layer of the erythrocyte membrane, i.e., in the outer lipid layer of the endovesicle membrane. It is suggested that local disturbances of the lipid molecules in the vicinity of the C12E8 molecules in the outer lipid layer of the endovesicle membrane form membrane inclusions with the effective shape of an inverted truncated cone. If the interaction between the inclusion and the membrane is weak, the membrane of such an endovesicle can be characterized by its negative spontaneous curvature, which may lead to a torocyte endovesicle shape with a small relative volume. Effects of a possible strong interaction between the C12E8-induced membrane inclusions and the membrane on the stability of the torocyte endovesicles are also indicated

“Polish Artist – Artist From Poland?” The Question of National Identity in the Study of Artists from Poland in France at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries: the Example of Simon Mondzain

English version. Original issue: “Archiwum Emigracji” 2013, no. 2 (19)https://apcz.umk.pl/AE/article/view/AE.2013.02

Repressive gene regulation synchronizes development with cellular metabolism

Metabolic conditions affect the developmental tempo of animals. Developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) must therefore synchronize their dynamics with a variable timescale. We find that layered repression of genes couples GRN output with variable metabolism. When repressors of transcription or mRNA and protein stability are lost, fewer errors in Drosophila development occur when metabolism is lowered. We demonstrate the universality of this phenomenon by eliminating the entire microRNA family of repressors and find that development to maturity can be largely rescued when metabolism is reduced. Using a mathematical model that replicates GRN dynamics, we find that lowering metabolism suppresses the emergence of developmental errors by curtailing the influence of auxiliary repressors on GRN output. We experimentally show that gene expression dynamics are less affected by loss of repressors when metabolism is reduced. Thus, layered repression provides robustness through error suppression and may provide an evolutionary route to a shorter reproductive cycle

Effect of Cu supplementation on genomic instability in chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis in the rat

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Backround</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation (copper or copper and resveratrol) on the intensity of carcinogenesis and the frequency of microsatellite instability in a widely used model of mammary carcinogenesis induced in the rat by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>DNA was extracted from rat mammary cancers and normal tisues, amplified by PCR, using different polymorphic DNA markers and the reaction products were analyzed for microsatellite instability.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>It was found that irrespectively of the applied diet there was no inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis in the rats due to DMBA. Besides, in the groups supplemented with Cu (II) or Cu (II) and resveratrol the tumor formation was clearly accelerated. Unlike the animals that were fed with standard diet, the supplemented rats were characterized by the loss of heterozygosity of microsatellite D3Mgh9 in cancer tumors (by respectively 50 and 40%). When the animals received Cu (II) and resveratrol supplemented diet the occurrence of genomic instability was additionally found in their livers in the case of microsatellite D1Mgh6 (which was stable in the animals without dietary supplementation).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Identification of the underlying mechanisms by which dietary factors affect genomic stability might prove useful in the treatment of mammary cancer as well as in the incorporation of dietary factors into mammary cancer prevention strategies.</p

Adolf Dygasiński jako współautor Ech warszawskich – rubryki felietonowej „Przeglądu Tygodniowego”

BARBARA BOBROWSKA, prof. zw. dr hab., kierownik Katedry Pozytywizmu na Wydziale Nauk Humanistycznych Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie. Zainteresowania badawcze: historia literatury XIX wieku, literatura piękna, teksty paraliterackie, publicystyczne, krytycznoliterackie, epistolarne oraz diariuszowe. Współredaktorka tomu: (wraz z S. Fitą i J. A. Malikiem) Literatura i sztuka drugiej połowy XIX wieku. Światopoglądy, postawy, tradycje (Lublin 2004). Ostatnio wydała książkę: Felicjan Faliński – tragizm, parabolizm, groteska (Warszawa 2012).15116

Emancypantki? Artystki polskie w Paryżu na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

The author analyses the question of professional strategies of about 160 Polish female artists who came to Paris from 1890 to 1918 to study and/or to begin or continue their artistic careers. Paris was in full intellectual and economic flowering and could offer them much more than provincial centres of partitioned Poland. A historical and quantitative analysis shows female’s involvement in Parisian system of artistic education, salons and official artistic purchase by the Republic of France. The case studies of the careers of two most distinguished Polish female artists in Paris: Olga Boznańska and Mela Muter serve as examples of two different ways leading to a success, both for females, and for emigrants.The author analyses the question of professional strategies of about 160 Polish female artists who came to Paris from 1890 to 1918 to study and/or to begin or continue their artistic careers. Paris was in full intellectual and economic flowering and could offer them much more than provincial centres of partitioned Poland. A historical and quantitative analysis shows female’s involvement in Parisian system of artistic education, salons and official artistic purchase by the Republic of France. The case studies of the careers of two most distinguished Polish female artists in Paris: Olga Boznańska and Mela Muter serve as examples of two different ways leading to a success, both for females, and for emigrants

Metody promocji książki

The article presents the basic issues related to the promotion of books by publishing houses and libraries. It focuses on the PR process and the branding. Forms and functions of promotion on the book market are discussed. The role of marketing communication as an information and persuasive instrument is also emphasized.W artykule zaprezentowano podstawowe zagadnienia związane z promocją książek realizowaną przez wydawnictwa i biblioteki. Skupiono się na procesie PR oraz marce. Omówiono formy i funkcje promocji na rynku książki. Podkreślono rolę komunikacji marketingowej jako instrumentu informacyjnego i perswazyjnego