KAJIAN ALIH WAHANA TERHADAP LIRIK LAGU DAN CERPEN “KAU PUISI”, “U’LL SORRY”, “YA SUDAHLAH!” KARYA FAHD DJIBRAN DAN BONDAN PRAKOSO & FADE 2 BLACK

Fenomena alih wahana dari lirik lagu menjadi cerpen belum banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Buku Hidup Berawal Dari Mimpi merupakan sebuah buku yang yang berisi kumpulan cerpen yang diangkat dari lirik lagu. Fahd Djibran berkolaborasi bersama musisi Bondan Prakoso & Fade 2 Black dalam penyusunan buku tersebut. Fadh djibran adalah seorang penulis yang mengeksplorasi lagu-lagu dari Bondan Prakoso & Fade 2 Black. Buku Hidup Berawal Dari Mimpi ini terdiri dari 12 lirik lagu dan 12 cerpen dengan menggunakan judul yang sama. Pada penelitian ini peneliti mengambil 3 lirik lagu dan 3 cerpen. Pada penelitian ini yang dianalisis berupa stuktur lirik lagu, struktur cerpen dan proses alih wahana yang terjadi. Untuk menganalisis lirik lagu digunakan analisis puisi karena lirik lagu dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai puisi. Proses alih wahana yang terjadi dapat berupa penciutan, penambahan dan perubahan. mekanismenya adalah meniru karya sastra, membuat cerita baru dan mengambil konflik-konflik pentin

A Study of Effectual Behavior Among Student Entrepreneurs - How do student entrepreneurs in a Venture Creation Program behave in a situation of uncertainty?

Deciding to start a new venture is undoubtedly a risky decision. In fact, around 90 per cent of all startups fail. This high failure rate is explained by the fact that entrepreneurs launching a new venture find themselves in an environment of extreme uncertainty. This uncertainty is a product of how well the entrepreneur is suited in terms of means to pursue the entrepreneurial opportunity they have chosen. To cope with this uncertainty, entrepreneurs need to acquire new learning and new means in order to create a more predictable and manageable situation. Sarasvathy describes how expert entrepreneurs predominantly display what she calls effectual behavior in order to effectively deal with uncertainty. However, little research has been done to address whether the principles of effectual behavior are advantageous to student entrepreneurs in the same way. To find out, the authors have formulated the following research questions: 1) How do initial means affect the behavior of student entrepreneurs in a situation of uncertainty? 2) How are student entrepreneurs focusing on expanding their means through learning in order to reduce uncertainty? 3) How are student entrepreneurs displaying effectual and causal behavior in a situation of uncertainty? To answer these questions, a qualitative approach has been taken, with a multiple longitudinal case study as research design. Four case firms have been chosen, all from the same venture creation program. The student entrepreneurs in the case firms attended the same class and were tracked for two months through semi-structured interviews. Business model development was also tracked, through the use of Lean Canvases. A cross-case analysis was then conducted in order to investigate how theoretical elements in the existing literature could explain the behavior of the entrepreneurs in a situation of uncertainty. Out of the four case firms, two of the ventures failed during these two months. The other two were already acquiring customers and still active after the interview sessions had been concluded. These two sets differed greatly in one key variable: The two cases that failed lacked means in terms of domain knowledge and network to a much greater extent than the cases that were still operating. The findings also suggested that learning through experimentation similar to the lean startup methodology may be inefficient when the entrepreneurs lack enough domain knowledge about the industry they are trying to enter. Both findings are suggested to be pursued further with quantitative studies

Å skape et hjem - Etniske minoritetsbarn og fosterforeldres erfaringer - en scoping review

Masteroppgave i barnevernMABARN351MAPS-BAR

Life cycle costs (LCC) in public construction projects – how are we doing?

Rapporten er besvarelse på masteroppgave ved utdannelsen Eiendomsutvikling og –forvaltning ved NTNU etterutdanning, og teller 30 studiepoeng. Tema for oppgaven er livssykluskostnader (LCC) i offentlige byggeprosjekter, det vil si anskaffelser der kommune, fylkeskommune eller stat anskaffer og er byggherre. Det skal gis svar på hvordan kommer LCC til uttrykk i offentlige anskaffelser for bygg, hva beregningene skal benyttes til, hvilken prosjektfase LCC er innført i og hvilken effekt LCC gir til byggene. Metoder benyttet i forskningen er litteratursøk, kvantitative undersøkelser og spørreundersøkelse. Kvantitativ metode benyttes til analyse av utvalgte kunngjøringer av offentlige anskaffelser for bygge- og anleggsvirksomhet, reparasjons- og vedlikeholds-tjenester, samt arkitekt- og ingeniørtjenester for året 2018. Spørreundersøkelsen er sendt utvalgte representanter i kommunale virksomheter. Krav til at LCC ved offentlige anskaffelser er hjemlet i lovverket, og Direktoratet for forvaltning og ikt er en viktig aktør for offentlig sektor for dette temaet. Det er gjort mye forskning på temaet, og mye er gjort av samme personer/ aktører. Også på tvers av landegrensene. Et funn som er verdt å merke seg er at investeringskostnaden utgjør omtrent halvparten av kostnadene i levetiden til et bygg, det er derfor viktig å rette fokus på de største kostnadsdriverne som kan påvirkes. LCC (eller tilvarende) og/ eller levetid er begrep funnet i rundt halvparten av kunngjorte konkurranser, stat har en ørliten større andel enn kommunene. Og for samspillsentreprisen er andel funn litt større enn for totalentrepriser. De som har erfaring med bruk av LCC har benyttet den i tidlige faser i prosjektet, og at de mener at det gir mer kostnadseffektive og driftsvennlige bygg. Det ser også ut til at de som allerede har kompetanse om LCC også ønsker å tilegne seg mer kompetanse. Anbefaling til Randaberg kommune er å sette krav til LCC-kompetanse hos de som håndterer byggeprosjekter. LCC- beregninger må innføres i tidlig fase, og må oppdateres før anskaffelse av entreprenør og etter to års drift. Den siste beregningen bør legges til grunn for kommunens budsjett- og økonomiplan. Kommunen må ta i bruk et verktøy for beregning, det må være tilpasset bygg- og anlegg men samtidig være anvendelig for andre anskaffelser

Microalgae suspension as a source of n-3 long-chain PUFA in feed for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L) – Technical constraints and nutritional quality

publishedVersio

Children of alcoholic parents

Bacheloroppgave i sosialt arbeid, Høgskulen på Vestlandet, campus BergenBSO32

Fractionation of Oil from Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens)

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) are subjected to a conventional fishmeal process, or room-temperature formic acid hydrolysis, and lipid yield and composition between the two processes compared. Acid hydrolysis of BSFL results in higher protein yield in the meal and higher oil yield. Oils separated after acid hydrolysis have a lower trilaurin content (triacyglycerol with lauric acid (12:0) in all sn-positions) and a lower melting point (23 °C) compared to oils separated after conventional (fishmeal) processing (26 °C). Further reduction of trilaurin content and melting point (20 °C) are achieved by dry-fractionation (winterization) of the oil. Practical Applications: Fractionation of black soldier fly larvae oil could yield products with targeted levels of trilaurin and melting points adapted to different applications in feeds, foods, and cosmetics.publishedVersio

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts adapt lipid digestion according to elevated dietary wax esters from Calanus finmarchicus

Wax esters in copepods constitute huge natural marine lipid resources, which can contribute as future lipid source in formulated diets in aquaculture, and thereby reduce the pressure on use of marine resources at higher trophic levels. The present study was undertaken to investigate factors affecting wax ester digestibility, including production of bile and lipases, in Atlantic salmon fed diets containing high proportions of an oil derived from copepods. Individually tagged postsmolt Atlantic salmon (initial weight 250 g) were distributed into three dietary groups in triplicate tanks and fed either a fish oil supplemented diet, or diets where 50% or 100% of the fish oil was replaced with oil extracted from Calanus finmarchicus. Wax esters accounted for 307 or 477 g kg-1 of the lipids in these latter diets, respectively. Over the 100 day feeding period, the salmon fed the fish oil diet displayed a significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR; 0.74) than fish fed the 100% Calanus oil diet (SGR; 0.67). The apparent digestibility coefficient of total lipid and total fatty acids was significantly higher in salmon fed the fish oil and the mixed diet than in fish fed the pure Calanus oil diet. However, the fish appeared to adjust lipid digestibility to the increased intake of wax ester by enhancing bile volume and the lipolytic activity. The study indicates that Atlantic salmon show adaptations in digestion to elevated dietary wax ester intakes, however with an upper limit for optimal utilization in practical diets

Tilsetningsstoffer i fôr til laks og regnbueørret - Sluttrapport FoU tillatelser SF HØ 25 og H B 46

Nofima har vært faglig ansvarlig for FoU tillatelsene SF HØ 25 og H B 46 til Aller Aqua. Målet til FoU tillatelsene har vært å teste tilsetningsstoffer i fôr for å styrke vekst og helse i laks og regnbueørret, og for å redusere påslag av lakselus. Mineralingrediensen Biofeed Forte og to planteekstrakter er testet. Forsøk på regnbueørret tildelt Biofeed Forte viste lavere lusetall, og gav grunnlag for å teste dette på laks også. I perioden 2017-2018 ble det gjennomført forsøk med laks der en sammenlignet Salmon Group fôr med Aller Aqua fôr tilsatt Biofeed Forte, samt forsøk i 2019 der en sammenlignet Aller Aqua fôr med og uten Biofeed Forte. Det ble ikke observert lavere lusetall hos fisk tildelt fôr fra Aller Aqua. Det kan skyldes at fôrbehandlingstiden ikke var tilstrekkelig. I tillegg, ulik fiskestørrelse i diettgruppene gjorde sammenligning mellom gruppene krevende. Videre har Aller Aqua testet to ulike planteekstrakter i fôr til laks, derav en fermentert ingrediens testet både i laks og regnbueørret. Forsøk på regnbueørret i 2021-2022 ble gjennomført i merder med laser og rensefisk som holdt lusetallene nede store deler av produksjonen, og ingen forskjeller i lusetall ble observert mellom diettgruppene. Forsøk med de to planteekstraktene i fôr til laks viste ingen effekter på lusetall. Forsøkene viser at ved lave lusetall pga. andre lusebehandlingstiltak som rensefisk, laser, avlusning skaper variasjon i data som gjør det krevende å isolere effekt av tilsetningsstoff i fôr mot lusepåslag på laks og ørret. En løsning for fremtidige forsøk kan være multifaktorielt design for å ta hensyn til alle lusebehandlingstiltak i et kontrollert og komplekst design. Alternativt tillatelse til å overskride lusegrense i periode for å teste fôr. Begge disse var utenfor mulighetsrommet i denne FoU-tillatelsen.Tilsetningsstoffer i fôr til laks og regnbueørret - Sluttrapport FoU tillatelser SF HØ 25 og H B 46publishedVersio

The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels

Oils extracted from the marine zooplankton, Calanus finmarchicus, have high levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and are therefore of interest as an alternative lipid source in aquafeeds. Copepod lipid is composed mainly of wax esters (WE) with high levels of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty alcohols which are considered hard to digest, especially at low temperatures. This assumption has however not been verified and for this reason the present study examined the digestibility of diets containing high levels of WE and two fat levels in Atlantic salmon reared at 3 and 12 °C. The fish were acclimated for one month to 3 °C (485 g) and 12 °C (599 g) and then fed one of four diets, high fat fish oil (33% lipid, HFFO), high fat Calanus oil (32% lipid, HFCO), low fat fish oil (17% lipid, LFFO) and low fat Calanus oil (19% lipid, LFCO). The fish meal lipid content was lowered by the use of lipid-extracted fish oil (2.3% lipid). This enabled a level of 50% WE in the LFCO and HFCO oils, compared to 0% in the LFFO and HFFO diets. The fish were then allowed to grow to around 100% of initial weight (220 days at 3 °C and 67 days at 12 °C) and then analysed for faecal lipid digestibility, bile volume, bile composition and intestinal lipolytic activity. Differences were observed in all these parameters in relation to temperature, type of dietary oil and the lipid level in the diet. Faecal lipid content and lipid class composition were dependent on rearing temperature and the type of dietary lipid. Highest levels of undigested lipids were observed in the faeces of fish fed CO. Wax ester-derived fatty alcohols, particularly 20:1n-9 and 22:1n-11, were less extensively digested than corresponding fatty acids from FO at both fat levels and temperatures. Fish kept at 12 ºC had a significantly higher bile volume than fish at 3 ºC and higher volumes were found in fish fed CO diets compared to FO. Decreased faecal passage time at lower temperatures, was not sufficient to ensure high digestibility since the lower bile volume and enzyme activities at 3 °C in the present trial exerted a greater effect. Although the compensatory mechanisms of increased bile volume and lipolytic activity are initiated upon feeding WE at a level of 50% of dietary lipid, these are not sufficient to compensate lipid digestibility and growth as in FO diets. Low inclusion of CO in diets during winter has to be considered as saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty alcohols were poorly digested at 3 °C in fish fed CO diets