The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Physical Performance of Collegiate Football Players

Mg supplementation can maximize energy stores for exercise, decrease indicators of inflammation, and increase the rate of lactate clearance. While these functions of Mg can benefit exercise capabilities, research is lacking on their effects on specific performance parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine if Mg supplementation would increase performance parameters in NCAA Division-I football players. Eighty-one participants were separated into position groups and randomly assigned to receive a daily placebo, low dose of Mg (100 mg), or high dose of Mg (200 mg). Participants completed a pre- and post-test for performance parameters that included 1RM clean, 1RM squat, 1RM bench press, vertical jump, and broad jump. Every parameter except vertical jump and broad jump had a mean increase from pre-test to post-test. In the control group, significant differences (=0.05) were noted for the 1RM clean (8.148 ± 5.238), 1RM squat (12.370 ± 8.876), 1RM bench (9.222 ± 4.854), P4P (.840 ± .118), and total pounds (29.741 ± 16.519). In the low dose Mg group, significant differences were noted for the IRM clean (8.111 ± 5.228), 1RM squat (11.889 ± 8.894), 1RM bench (7.115 ± 4.572), and total pounds (26.852 ± 16.703). In the high dose Mg group, significant differences were noted for the 1RM clean (8.593 ± 5.235), 1RM squat (11.741 ± 7.679), 1RM bench (7.000 ± 9.695), vertical jump (.841 ± 1.861), P4P (.093 ± .113), and total pounds (27.071 ± 14.697). These differences among treatment groups are likely attributed to the effect of training. A one-way ANOVA (=0.05) was used to determine statistical differences between and within treatment groups, but no significant differences were noted. In conclusion, supplemented Mg had no effect on the performance parameters in this study

Transaction Costs, Liquidity Risk, and the CCAPM

In this paper, we make a liquidity adjustment to the consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) and show that the liquidity-adjusted CCAPM is a generalized model of Acharya and Pedersen (2005). Using different proxies for transaction costs such as the effective trading costs measure of Hasbrouck (2009) and the bid-ask spread estimates of Corwin and Schultz (2012), we find that the liquidity-adjusted CCAPM explains a larger fraction of the cross-sectional return variations

A monolithic 5.8 GHZ power amplifier in a 25 GHZ FT Silicon Bipolar technology

A monolithic integrated radio-frequency power amplifier for the 5.8 GHz band has been realized in a 25 GHz-fT Si-bipolar production technology (B6HF). The 2-stage push-pull type power amplifier uses a planar on-chip transformer as input-balun and for interstage matching. A high-current cascode stage is used for the driver and for the output stage. At 2.7 V, 3.6 V, and 5 V supply voltage a maximum output power of 21.9 dBm, 24 dBm and 26 dBm at 5.8 GHz is achieved. The small-signal gain is 20 dB

risk- and protection factors

Harninkontinenz ist eine Gesundheitsstörung, die gerade in Pflegeheimen weit verbreitet ist. Es existieren jedoch keine Angaben für die deutsche Heimpopulation über die Prävalenz der Harninkontinenz zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme in ein Pflegeheim sowie die Inzidenz der Harninkontinenz in den ersten sechs Monaten nach dem Heimeintritt. Untersuchungen, die Risikofaktoren einer Neuerkrankung an Harninkontinenz identifizieren, sind selten. Eine Analyse möglicher Schutzfaktoren liegt bislang für Deutschland nicht vor. Fragestellung: Es werden Aussagen zur Aufnahme- und Gesamtprävalenz sowie zur Inzidenz von Harninkontinenz in deutschen Pflegeheimen bezogen auf die ersten sechs Monate nach Heimeintritt getroffen. Weiterhin werden Faktoren ermittelt, die das Risiko der Neuerkrankung von Harninkontinenz nach dem Einzug in ein Pflegeheim erhöhen bzw. den Erhalt/ die Wiederherstellung der Kontinenzfähigkeit fördern. Methode: Sekundäranalyse (Quer- und Längsschnitt) bewohnerbezogener Daten eines Trägers mit 47 Pflegeheimen, die mittels eines elektronischen Pflegedokumentationssystems erfasst wurden. Die Stichprobe umfasst 2466 (Querschnitt) bzw. 2000 Personen (Längsschnitt). Ergebnisse: Zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt waren 79,5 % der Bewohner harninkontinent. Die Prävalenz der Harninkontinenz stieg nach sechs Monaten auf 83 % an. Die Gesamtprävalenz lag bei 87,3 % (2153 von 2466). In der bivariaten Analyse fiel auf, dass überproportional häufig die Bewohner an Harninkontinenz neu erkrankten, die zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt noch verhältnismäßig viele körperliche und geistige Ressourcen hatten und deren Pflegebedarf bei der Aufnahme eher gering war. Durch die Konstruktion von Verlaufsvariablen war in der multivariaten Analyse erkennbar, dass eine Neuerkrankung an Harninkontinenz stark mit Verschlechterungen der körperlichen Gesamtkonstitution, Verschlechterung der Geh- und Bewegungsfähigkeit und mit Verschlechterungen des geistigen Zustandes korrelierte. Die Wiederherstellung der Kontinenzfähigkeit hingegen war deutlich mit einer Verbesserung in diesen Bereichen assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die geistigen und körperlichen Fähigkeiten der Bewohner zu erhalten und zu fördern, sind den Ergebnissen zufolge, die wichtigsten präventiven und rehabilitierenden Pflegeleistungen, um einer Inkontinenzentwicklung nach dem Heimeinzug entgegenzuwirken.Urinary incontinence is a common health problem, particularly in nursing homes. However, neither its prevalence at the time of entry nor its incidence in the first six months of residence has been assessed in the German nursing home population. Few studies have been performed to identify risk factors for new-onset urinary incontinence. Possible protective factors have not yet been analyzed for Germany. Aim: The study assesses the entry and overall prevalence of urinary incontinence in German nursing homes as well as its incidence during the first six months after entry. It also identifies factors that increase the risk of new-onset urinary incontinence after entry as well as those that promote preservation/restoration of the continence capacity. Method: A secondary analysis (cross-section and longitudinal section) was conducted to examine resident-related data recorded by the electronic health care documentation system of a provider with 47 nursing homes. The random sample comprised 2466 (cross-section) and 2000 persons (longitudinal section). Results: Urinary incontinence was seen in 79.5 % of residents at the time of entry. Its prevalence rose to 83 % after six months. The overall prevalence was 87.3 % (2153 of 2466). Bivariate analysis showed a disproportionately high incidence of new-onset urinary incontinence among residents with adequate physical and mental resources and low care needs at the time of entry. Constructing course variables in the multivariate analysis revealed that new- onset urinary incontinence correlated highly with deterioration of the overall physical constitution, the ability to walk and move, and the mental condition, whereas restoration of the continence capacity was clearly associated with improvement in these areas. Conclusions: The results show that preserving and promoting the mental and physical capacities of residents are the most important preventive and rehabilitating measures for counteracting the development of incontinence after nursing home entry. Key words: urinary incontinence, nursing home, prevalence, incidence, remission, risk factors, protective factor