Educational Accountability in Brazil

Em alguns países desenvolvidos, sistemas de avaliação educacional em larga escala facilitaram a adoção de políticas que responsabilizam as escolas por seus resultados. Mediante o estudo do caso brasileiro, esse artigo propõe oferecer uma resposta preliminar à questão de se, na América Latina, políticas de responsabilização similares estão ou não seguindo a expansão da avaliação educacional. Esse país foi escolhido devido à diversidade e sofisticação de seus procedimentos de avaliação em todos os níveis do sistema educacional. Os poucos sistemas estaduais e municipais de responsabilização que foram identificados são classificados como high-stakes, quando envolvem prêmios ou pagamentos suplementares a professores, ou como low-stakes, no caso de boletins não relacionados a incentivos monetários. Os exemplos high-stakes estudados são os dos estados do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Ceará e do município de Sobral. Os casos do estado do Paraná e do município de Belo Horizonte são os dois sistemas low-stakes, de boletins, que foram incluídos no estudo. A análise se detém em algumas das falhas técnicas dos programas de responsabilização, na resistência dos sindicatos de professores, no limitado conhecimento e apoio popular para essas políticas, e na possibilidade de mudança representada por novos incentivos do Governo Federal para o melhoramento da educação loca

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): A Review of the Efficacy, Usage, and Current Literature Recommendations

• As Klepser, Collier, and Cochran (2013) noted, PPIs are a class of agents that reduce acid secretion by parietal cells in the stomach by irreversibly blocking H+/K+ adenosine triphosphate. They are commonly prescribed for many gastrointestinal (GI) conditions including gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and Helicobacter pylori infections. They are frequently utilized in the primary care setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy, usage, and current literature on PPIs. • There were several complications noted with PPI usage. Gomm et al. (2016) found that that use of PPI is associated with an increased risk of dementia and that avoiding PPIs may contribute to the prevention of dementia. Klepser et al. (2013) concluded that PPIs were associated with renal disease after controlling for confounding conditions. They noted patients who had renal disease were twice as likely to have used PPIs in the past. In yet another study, Lazarus et al. (2016) concluded that PPI use is an independent risk factor for CKD and AKI, while H2 antagonist use is not. Shih et al. (2014) concluded PPI use was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction for both a 7- and 14- day window period. Finally, van der Hoorn et al. (2015) also determined that PPI use was associated with a substantially increased risk of requiring osteoporosis medication and fractures. • Histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are often prescribed in place of PPIs. Sigterman et al. (2013) concluded that were superior to H2RAs in treating heartburn in patients both treated empirically and in patents with endoscopy-negative reflux disease (ENRD). PPIs were also noted to be more effective in patients requiring long-term treatment. H2RAs, however, were found to be superior to PPIs in speed of relief of symptoms and may be a better option for patients with only occasional symptoms. • Rickenbacher et al. (2014) studied medical vs. surgical management of GERD. Their data showed a statistically significant pooled effect estimate in favor of fundoplication over medical management of GERD, although several patients complained of dysphagia after surgery. Nissen fundoplication has long been the surgical intervention of choice for GERD treatment. It has some drawbacks in that many patients complain of dysphagia and bloating post-surgery. Lal et al. (2017) compared laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) to laparoscopic anterior partial fundoplication (LAPF) and found it to be just as effective as LNF for GERD treatment with less dysphagia.https://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1031/thumbnail.jp

Increase of Serum Globulin Levels with Age in Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142022/1/tafs0397.pd

Studies of the Response of the Prototype CMS Hadron Calorimeter, Including Magnetic Field Effects, to Pion, Electron, and Muon Beams

We report on the response of a prototype CMS hadron calorimeter module to charged particle beams of pions, muons, and electrons with momenta up to 375 GeV/c. The data were taken at the H2 and H4 beamlines at CERN in 1995 and 1996. The prototype sampling calorimeter used copper absorber plates and scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibers for readout. The effects of a magnetic field of up to 3 Tesla on the response of the calorimeter to muons, electrons, and pions are presented, and the effects of an upstream lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter on the linearity and energy resolution of the combined calorimetric system to hadrons are evaluated. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations and are used to optimize the choice of total absorber depth, sampling frequency, and longitudinal readout segmentation.Comment: 89 pages, 41 figures, to be published in NIM, corresponding author: P de Barbaro, [email protected]

Zentrale Körperfettverteilung mittels Magnetresonanztomographie - Beziehung zum Taillenumfang und Bedeutung für das kardiometabolische Risiko

Die Erstellung transversaler MRT-Einzelschichtaufnahmen und die Messung des Taillenumfangs sind häufig verwendete Methoden zur Beurteilung des gesundheitlichen Risikos durch abdominale Adipositas. Unklar ist bislang in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur, an welchem Referenzpunkt eine einzelne Messung vorgenommen werden soll, um das gesundheitliche Risiko am genauesten zu bestimmen. In dieser Arbeit wurden bei 100 erwachsenen Frauen und Männern transversale abdominale MRT-Bilder ausgewertet und untersucht, welche transversale MRT-Einzelschichtaufnahme am engsten zum VAT- bzw. abdominal SAT-Volumen und den kardiometabolischen Risikoparametern assoziiert ist. Des Weiteren wurden die drei in wissenschaftlichen Studien am häufigsten verwendeten Referenzpunkte zur Taillenumfangmessung hinsichtlich ihrer Beziehung zum viszeralen Fettgewebsvolumen und den kardiometabolischen Risikoparametern untersucht

The Lantern Vol. 25, No. 1, December 1956

• Diamonds and Mushrooms • Excerpts From the Values and Functions of History • Nor Bars a Prison Make • A Parable • An Original Album (Poetry)https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1070/thumbnail.jp

Developing an IF panel to examine Cyclin and CDK interactions in a Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Patient Derived Xenograph.

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp22/1084/thumbnail.jp