Bibliothécaires face aux techniques non-identitaires : discours et représentations (Les)

Mémoire de fin d\u27étude du diplôme de conservateur, promotion DCB18, portant sur les représentations et les discours des professionnels face à l\u27émergence de nouvelles techniques professionnelles : technologies de l\u27information et de la communication ou management

Du bibliothécaire ingénieux au bibliothécaire ingénieur?

Si le métier change, le bibliothécaire gagnera à faire quelques pas de coté. Observer d\u27autres métiers qui, eux-aussi, changent peut être l\u27occasion d\u27un regard renouvelé. Au-delà des clichés, que peut-on apprendre de la rencontre fortuite d\u27un ingénieur et d\u27un bibliothécaire sur une table de dissection

Facilitating goal-oriented behaviour in the Stroop task: when executive control is influenced by automatic processing.

A portion of Stroop interference is thought to arise from a failure to maintain goal-oriented behaviour (or goal neglect). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether goal- relevant primes could enhance goal maintenance and reduce the Stroop interference effect. Here it is shown that primes related to the goal of responding quickly in the Stroop task (e.g. fast, quick, hurry) substantially reduced Stroop interference by reducing reaction times to incongruent trials but increasing reaction times to congruent and neutral trials. No effects of the primes were observed on errors. The effects on incongruent, congruent and neutral trials are explained in terms of the influence of the primes on goal maintenance. The results show that goal priming can facilitate goal-oriented behaviour and indicate that automatic processing can modulate executive control

Modifications to the Aesop's Fable paradigm change New Caledonian crow performances

While humans are able to understand much about causality, it is unclear to what extent non-human animals can do the same. The Aesop's Fable paradigm requires an animal to drop stones into a water-filled tube to bring a floating food reward within reach. Rook, Eurasian jay, and New Caledonian crow performances are similar to those of children under seven years of age when solving this task. However, we know very little about the cognition underpinning these birds' performances. Here, we address several limitations of previous Aesop's Fable studies to gain insight into the causal cognition of New Caledonian crows. Our results provide the first evidence that any non-human animal can solve the U-tube task and can discriminate between water-filled tubes of different volumes. However, our results do not provide support for the hypothesis that these crows can infer the presence of a hidden causal mechanism. They also call into question previous object-discrimination performances. The methodologies outlined here should allow for more powerful comparisons between humans and other animal species and thus help us to determine which aspects of causal cognition are distinct to humans.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Low statistical power in biomedical science:a review of three human research domains

Studies with low statistical power increase the likelihood that a statistically significant finding represents a false positive result. We conducted a review of meta-analyses of studies investigating the association of biological, environmental or cognitive parameters with neurological, psychiatric and somatic diseases, excluding treatment studies, in order to estimate the average statistical power across these domains. Taking the effect size indicated by a meta-analysis as the best estimate of the likely true effect size, and assuming a threshold for declaring statistical significance of 5%, we found that approximately 50% of studies have statistical power in the 0–10% or 11–20% range, well below the minimum of 80% that is often considered conventional. Studies with low statistical power appear to be common in the biomedical sciences, at least in the specific subject areas captured by our search strategy. However, we also observe evidence that this depends in part on research methodology, with candidate gene studies showing very low average power and studies using cognitive/behavioural measures showing high average power. This warrants further investigation

Impact des pratiques de gestion des adventices sur le rendement du riz au centre de la Côte d’Ivoire

L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer et d’évaluer l’impact des pratiques paysannes de gestion de l’enherbement sur la production rizicole en Côte d’Ivoire. Une enquête et la technique des relevés floristiques basée sur un «tour du champ» ont été utilisées. Les relevés floristiques ont permis de recenser 16 espèces végétales réparties en 14 genres appartenant à 10 familles botaniques sur l’ensemble des zones d’étude. Il existe une homogénéité floristique du milieu d’étude. L’enquête réalisée auprès des producteurs révèle une influence des pratiques culturales sur la production rizicole. La riziculture irriguée pratiquée à Bounguè offre un meilleur rendement que celle de la riziculture inondée à Raviart.Mots clés: Relevés, floristique, riziculture, rendement