The structure of the medieval town of Rupea

The town of Rupea, set up at the beginning of the 12th century, was the capital of the county of Rupea between 1337 and 1876. Its urban structure and organization prove that it belonged to group of Transylvania’s German medieval towns. Here, alongside with the German (established in the central area), Romanians lived in the outskirts. This structure was preserved until the early 1800s, and even until nowadays although the initial ethnical composition has altered

The global epidemiology of tetanus

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroduction. Tetanus, a bacterial toxin generated by Clostridium tetani, is the cause of the potentially fatal infectious disease. The illness damages the central nervous system, leading to severe muscle spasms and paralysis. Despite not being directly transmissible between people, tetanus remains a major global health concern. Aim of study. Overview looks at the up-to-date information about the tetanus epidemic worldwide. Methods and materials. A literature review was conducted. Analysis of literature sources and scientific articles retrieved from databases such as NihGov, PubMed, NCBI, ScienceDirect, World Health Organization reports and national statistics. Results. The incidence of tetanus has demonstrated a notable decline over the past two decades, with rates decreasing from 6.9 per 100,000 total population in 2002 to 0.9 in 2022. The most significant improvements have been observed in countries within the African, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific regions. These countries, which were late adopters of immunization programs and experienced high infection rates, have achieved particularly commendable results. However, the incidence of tetanus exhibits notable spatial variation, especially in areas with limited medical infrastructure and restricted access to vaccines, where infection is more susceptible to widespread. Despite vaccination efforts, tetanus remains a health concern in some developing countries, where poor hygiene conditions and unclean wounds facilitate bacterial entry into the body. Conclusion. Tetanus, though controlled through vaccination and improved medical care, faces challenges. Sustaining collective immunity and universal coverage are crucial. Initiatives for tetanus eradication are needed due to unequal access to medical care and immunizations. Key actions involve modifying health policies, assessing vaccination efficacy, and monitoring incidence rates. Challenges persist in achieving a tetanus-free world, requiring international coordination, resources, and community education

Sepsis and septic shock in patients with malignancies : a Groupe de Recherche Respiratoire en Réanimation Onco-Hématologique study

Objectives: Cancer affects up to 20% of critically ill patients, and sepsis is one of the leading reasons for ICU admission in this setting. Early signals suggested that survival might be increasing in this population. However, confirmation studies have been lacking. The goal of this study was to assess trends in survival rates over time in cancer patients admitted to the ICU for sepsis or septic shock over the last 2 decades. Data Source: Seven European ICUs. Study Selection: A hierarchical model taking into account the year of admission and the source dataset as random variables was used to identify risk factors for day 30 mortality. Data Extraction: Data from cancer patients admitted to ICUs for sepsis or septic shock were extracted from the Groupe de Recherche Respiratoire en Reanimation Onco-Hematologique database (1994-2015). Data Synthesis: Overall, 2,062 patients (62% men, median [interquartile range] age 59 yr [48-67 yr]) were included in the study. Underlying malignancies were solid tumors (n = 362; 17.6%) or hematologic malignancies (n = 1,700; 82.4%), including acute leukemia (n = 591; 28.7%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 461; 22.3%), and myeloma (n = 244; 11.8%). Two-hundred fifty patients (12%) underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 640 (31.0%) were neutropenic at ICU admission. Day 30 mortality was 39.9% (823 deaths). The year of ICU admission was associated with significant decrease in day 30 mortality over time (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98; p = 0.001). Mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 2.52-4.19; p < 0.01) and vasopressors use (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.83; p < 0.01) were independently associated with day 30 mortality, whereas underlying malignancy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and neutropenia were not. Conclusions: Survival in critically ill oncology and hematology patients with sepsis improved significantly over time. As outcomes improve, clinicians should consider updating admission policies and goals of care in this population

Probleme actuale în comunicarea universitară

BORCOMAN, Raisa. Probleme actuale în comunicarea universitară. In: Competitivitate şi inovare în economia cunoaşterii [online]: conf. șt. intern., ed. a 21-a: Lucrări ştiinţifice, 27-28 sept., 2019. Chişinău: ASEM, 2019, pp. 472-476. ISBN 978-9975-75-968-7.Over time, although the academic world has learned (at least at a lexical level) this concept, the topic of interactive communication has been lost or that "interactive, student-centered communication" has been misunderstood, and today it seems to me that I hear more and more students and teachers discussing it, and less so are those who are aware of the need to address the issue of "student-centered" communication. That is why I propose to discuss one of the basic elements on which the student-student-teacher communication relationship is built. Our motivation for approaching this topic at this conference is as simple as possible, namely: the quality of the teacher's communication influences the students' performance in the study process; the quality of the teacher's communication is guided by the teaching methods. However, the adaptation by the teacher of the teaching methods, in order to answer the communication needs of the students, is absolutely necessary in the learning process

Niniveh and Alexandria: The Two Vanished Libraries of Antiquity

Humankind has dramatically evolved for the past thousands of years in terms of communication - starting from signs and signals conveyed via visual and auditory means and ending up with the set of signs that came to be known as the alphabet over a vast geographic area. For example, the Sumerian tablets created in Uruk were initially destined for commercial purposes and it was only afterwards that they were viewed as including knowledge of their time. Another example of historical evolution is the Egyptian papyruses gathered in Alexandria in the greatest building of the ancient world’s library. Nowadays there are only few such remnants, but their importance for how writing has evolved is invaluable

Virginia Woolf & the Ontology of the Swerve

This paper attempts to show how Lucretius\u27 ontology of the swerve, or clinamen, influenced Virginia Woolf\u27s writing. By using Gilles Deleuze, Michel Serres and likeminded theorists, the idea is to not only explicate Lucretian thought, but to also succinctly incorporate it into the Woolfian oeuvre

Student Outcomes in Selected Distance Learning and Traditional Courses for the Dallas County Community College District: A Pilot Study

The study compared outcomes for distance learning courses with those of traditional courses offered by the seven campuses of Dallas County Community College District (DCCCD). The course outcomes were defined as completion rate, dropout rate and success rate. Eleven courses offered during the fall 2003 semester were selected for the study. The methods of instruction employed for each course were traditional classroom lecture/discussion and distance learning formats of Internet, TeleCourse and TeleCourse Plus. Internet courses are delivered on-line, using Internet access and a browser, TeleCourse uses one-way videos or public broadcasting, and TeleCourse Plus is a hybrid between Internet and TeleCourse courses. Seven of the courses selected were part of the core curriculum approved by Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) while four other courses were completely transferable. Two types of specific data were extracted: course data and individual student data. Course data included method of instruction, length of course, instructor's load, enrollment, number of withdrawals, and grade distribution. In addition, course requirements including the use of email, videos and Internet, orientation and testing on campus were added as variables. The student data included demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, family status, employment and academic variables including number of credit hours completed, previous distance learning courses, grade point average (GPA), grades, placement scores, previous degrees held, withdrawal history, and financial aid. The theoretical framework for ensuring sound statistical analysis was Astin's student engagement model. The results showed that significant differences exist due to the three distance learning methods of instruction for all course outcomes studied. Completion and success rates are higher for traditional courses and dropout rate is higher for distance learning ones. The outcomes for Internet courses are closer to the rates of traditional courses. Student factors that relate to performance in distance learning courses are GPA, credit hours completed, and family status, whereas those which do not relate to performance in the same classes are semester load, age, TASP reading scores, previous distance learning courses, income, and number of dependents. Course characteristics have a significant effect upon success rate, but no effect upon completion and dropout rates

Comunicarea de criză– poliţă de asigurare a valorilor organizaţiei

Publicat in: Analele Academiei de Studii Economice a Moldovei : Ed. a 12-a / Acad. de Studii Econ. a Moldovei ; col. red.: Grigore Belostecinic. – Chişinău : ASEM, 2014. – ISBN 978-9975-75-649-5. – ISSN 1857-1433. Nr 1/2014. – 2014. – 390 p. : fig., tab. – Texte : lb. rom., engl. – Rez.: lb. rom., engl., fr. – Bibliogr. la sfârşitul art. şi în subsol. – ISBN 978-9975-75-681-5. [33+657]:378.633(478-25)(082)=135.1=111La communication de crise est un élément de crise organisationnelle qu'il soit économique ouculturel, ou l'image. Ou, communication de crise ne peut pas être sous-estimée. Étant directement liée au type de crise organisationnelle, il est caractérisé par perturber l'organisation commune des flux (entre les cadres supérieurs et des jeunes cadres, les gestionnaires et les subordonnés), les partenaires de l'organisation ou des clients de l'organisation et les médias et ainsi de suite Il existe de nombreuses organisations qui, grâce à la puissance qu'ils détiennent sur le leadership public et le marché, pas un exemple de communication en situation de crise ou d'adopter une politique erronée de la communication. Il est donc compréhensible que la communication de crise à long terme n'est pas tenu compte de la connaissance du sujet inhérent à la communication organisationnelle

Sugestia - tehnică de schimbare a comportamentului

BORCOMAN, Raisa. JOROVLEA, Elvira. Sugestia - tehnică de schimbare a comportamentului. In: Competitivitatea şi inovarea în economia cunoaşterii [online]: conf. şt. intern., 22-23 sept., 2017: Culegere de articole. Chişinău: ASEM, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 175-182. E-ISBN 978-9975-75-894-9.The suggestive phenomenon plays a significant role in changing the individual’s attitude, constituting a trigger stimulus to change an activity; the suggestion may or may not lead to certain changes in the behavior of the individual, regardless of his reason, working mostly at the subconscious level. We must not confuse the suggestion with the persuasion: suggestions are considered an element of the process of persuasive communication in interpersonal and group relationships, or mass communication (advertisements, propaganda). However, in the process of persuading the individual, the sender may use the suggestion as an element of influence, alongside other arguments that support his persuasion process. For a suggestion to be made, both the transmitter and the receiver must have certain qualities: credibility, sincerity, attractiveness, empathy, the ability to properly structure the suggestive message. If the transmitter uses suggestive manipulation, he will appeal to receiver’s emotions, his/her social expectations, his/her feelings of guilt for certain things and his/her intimate desires. Knowing all this, it is easy for the manipulator to infiltrate his suggestive message, the person concerned not realizing this. To avoid such unpleasant situations, which sometimes can be fatal to the individual's conduct in general, there are effective ways to resist to negative suggestions, which strongly suggestive people should know. JEL: M1