A Duna-Tisza közi talajvíz és a szikes tóvizek hidrogeológiai, hidrodinamikai és hidrokémiai viszonyainak összefüggése a karbonátképződésükkel = Hydrogeology and carbonate mineralization

A dolomit laboratóriumban 100 fok C alatt nem állíthatókelő. A Duna--Tisza közi szikes tavak vizéből, amelyeknek vízhőmérséklete legfeljebb 37 C fokot ér el, dolomit is kiválik. Keletkezésük vízi hátrere részletesen eddig ismeretlen volt. Ezért kilenc helyről több mint három éven át havi vízminták elemzésére került sor. A vizek pH értéke 6,9--9,7, redoxpotenciálja általában 0-- -160, összsó-mennyisége 500--14 000 0mg/l, nátrium-tartalma 0,5--3600 mg/l között változik. A vizek nátriumk-kalcium-magnézium hidrokarbonátosak. Evaporációjukat stabil-izotóp elemzésekkel igazoltuk. Dolomitképződési szempontból fontos magnézium/kalcium arány az evaporációval emelkedik, a CaCO3/Ca arány pedig minden esetben elősegití a dolomitképződést. A dolomit szénradioizotóp elemzések alapján a teljes holocénben képződött. | Dolomite can not be artifically produced in a lab under 100 degrees C. Conversely, in the lakes of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, in Central Hungary, where water temperatures are not higher than 37 degrees C, dolomite precipitation is and was rather common. The formation of dolomite in these lakes with the underlying reasons unknown so far. To find an answer to a period of 3 consecutive years. The recorded pH of the collected waters was 6.9--9.7,with a redox potential of 0-- -160, a total salt of 500--14 000 mg/l and Na content of 0.5--3500 mg/l. The waters are potassium, calcium, magnesium hydrocarbonate bearing. Their evaporation was justified by stable isotopic studies. In case of doloite formation, the Mg/Ca ratio tends to inrease with the strengthening of evaporation, the yielding CaCO3/Ca ratio promotes dolomite precipitation

Role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in nociception and migraine

Energy-efficient buildings can make a major contribution to tackle the world’s climate change and energy use. A number of different environmental certification systems have been created to support energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings. In this project simulations are made on a building named Hjältarnas Hus. The building will be used as a support center for those affected by cancer or another critical illness and their families. Hjältarnas Hus will be built in the area next to the University Hospital of Umeå and is planned to be ready for use by the winter 2016/2017. The building project Hjältarnas Hus focuses on sustainability with recyclable materials and aims to achieve the Swedish Environmental Building Certification (Miljöbyggnad) grade GOLD. The main purpose of this project is to study heat transfer through windows. Due to the fact that the facade of Hjältarnas Hus contains large exterior windows, high indoor temperatures are expected during the summer if no solar shading system is installed. The simulations were made in IDA ICE and COMSOL Multiphysics. The focus of this study is to analyze the part of the building that will be used as a library because that part has 90 % windows in the façade. This part is thereby the thermally weakest part of the building envelope since windows are a critical component. The simulations have been based on three milestones. One of the targets was to investigate the temperature gradient that occurs in Hjältarnas Hus library for different ventilation flows, provided that the building achieves the Swedish Environmental Building Certification grade SILVER or GOLD. The second target was to investigate whether the projected solar shading system provides sufficient shading with respect to the certification requirements for Solar heat gain. The third target was to investigate the risk for appearance of external condensation on glass. An investigation of the profitability of an investment in a solar energy generating facility has also been conducted. The result from the simulations showed that the library will never be able to avoid overheating in the summer without any shading system. Even if the ventilation flow is at maximum speed, high temperatures will occur if no shading is installed. The simulations shows that the Swedish Environmental Building Certification grade SILVER can be achieved while the shading system is installed. Risk of external condensation on the window surfaces was greatest during the months of August, September and October. According to the simulations, condensations will appear during 7 % of these months. A calculation from the supplier shows that solar cells are a profitable investment for Hjältarnas Hus. The best option gave a payback period of 9.29 years without any contribution by the State where the investment cost was 950 000 (excl. VAT). För att komma tillrätta med de miljöproblem vi har i världen idag är ett klimatsmart byggande en viktig förutsättning. Som en del i utvecklingen för att minska energi- och resursanvändningen i byggnader har olika certifieringssystem vuxit fram. I detta arbete har simuleringar utförts på en byggnad med namnet Hjältarnas Hus. Byggnaden kommer att fungera som ett anhörighus för familjer där någon familjemedlem drabbats av en svår sjukdom. Hjältarnas Hus kommer att uppföras på området intill Umeå universitetssjukhus i Umeå och planeras att stå klart under vintern 2016/2017. Byggnationen har ett stort fokus på ett hållbart byggande med återvinningsbara material och har ett uppsatt mål om att kunna nå certifieringen av Miljöbyggnad nivå GULD. Detta arbete fokuserar i huvudsak på att undersöka energitransporten genom byggnadens fönsterytor. På grund av att byggnaden kommer att ha stora glaspartier i fasaden förväntas problem med övertemperaturer att uppstå under sommarhalvåret om ingen åtgärd för solavskärmning vidtas. Simuleringarna har utförts i simuleringsprogrammen IDA ICE och COMSOL Multiphysics och har begränsats till ett rum som kommer att brukas som ett allrum/bibliotek då detta rum anses vara byggnadens svagaste länk för att klara det termiska klimatet sommartid. Orsaken till detta är att 90 % av fasaden består av glaspartier. De simuleringar som utförts i detta arbete har baserats på tre delmål. Ett av delmålen var att undersöka mönstret för de temperaturskiktningar som uppstår i Hjältarnas Hus allrum/bibliotek för olika ventilationsflöden med hjälp av simuleringsprogrammet COMSOL Multiphysics. Detta förutsatt att byggnaden klarar certifieringen av Miljöbyggnad nivå GULD eller SILVER med avseende på indikatorn Solvärmelast. Det andra delmålet var att undersöka med hjälp av IDA ICE om den projekterade solavskärmningen ger en tillräcklig avskärmning i rummet för att certifieringen skall kunna uppnås. Det tredje delmålet var att simulera risken för bildning av utvändig kondens på fönsterytorna som uppstår till följd av fönstrens låga U-värden i IDA ICE. Förutom detta har även en utredning kring lönsamheten i en investering i en solcellsanläggning på Hjältarnas Hus takyta genomförts. Resultaten från simuleringarna av temperaturskiktningarna i rummet visade att allrummet/biblioteket aldrig kommer att kunna undvika övertemperaturer under sommarmånaderna om ingen solavskärmning vidtas. Även om ventilationsflödet går på maximal hastighet kommer övertemperaturer att uppnås om ingen solavskärmning är installerad. De alternativ av solavskärmning som studerades för byggnaden visade sig uppfylla kraven som ställs på SILVER-nivån i klassificeringen av Miljöbyggnad med avseende på indikatorn Solvärmelast. Resultaten från studien av bildning av utvändig kondens på årsbasis visade att risken för utvändig kondens på fönsterytorna var störst under månaderna augusti, september och oktober. Under dessa månader bildades det utvändig kondens på fönsterytorna under 7 % av tiden enligt gjorda simuleringar. En investering av solceller för placering på Hjältarnas Hus takyta är lönsamt enligt de beräkningar som erhållits från leverantör. Det bästa alternativet gav en återbetalningsperiod på 9,29 år utan stadsbidrag till en investeringskostnad på ca 950 000 kr (exklusive moms).

Metastable states, the adiabatic theorem and parity violating geometric phases II

We discuss and calculate parity conserving (PC) and parity violating (PV) geometric phases for the metastable 2S states of hydrogen and deuterium. The atoms are supposed to be subjected to slowly varying electric and magnetic fields which act as external parameters for the atoms. Geometric flux density fields are introduced which allow for an easy overview how to choose the paths in parameter space in order to obtain only PC or only PV geometric phases. The PV phases are calculated in the Standard Model of particle physics. Even if numerically they come out small they have interest of principle as a new manifestation of parity violation in atomic physics.Comment: 63 pages, 8 figures, 10 table

Anodic respiration of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 in a stirred-tank bioreactor

Anodic batch production of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) from citric acid with a genetically modified Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strain was studied in a bio-electrochemical system (BES) based on a standard lab-scale stirred-tank bioreactor at fully controlled anaerobic reaction conditions. Electron transfer to the anode was mediated by addition of KFe(CN) to the medium. Effects of varying anode surface areas (graphite rod, felt and brush), power input (stirrer speed) and mediator concentrations were investigated. The obligate aerobic P. putida grew anaerobically with mediated anodic respiration and pHBA production was observed. Anodic respiration was best applying the graphite rod electrode which showed a maximal current density of 12.5 mA cm. This is the highest measured for non-porous electrodes in BES until now. Increasing the power input to 2.93 W L (700 rpm) and online control of the redox potential E at 225 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in the medium by controlled addition of mediator resulted in a maximal pHBA yield of 9.91 mmolC molC which exceeds pHBA yields in the aerobic batch process by 69 % (5.87 mmolC molC )

Alteration at the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field: Constraints from trace element and Sr-O isotope data

Serpentinized peridotite and gabbronorite represent the host rocks to the active, ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We use trace element, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr data from bulk rock samples and mineral separates in order to constrain the controls on the geochemical budget within the Logatchev hydrothermal system. The trace element data of serpentinized peridotite show strong compositional variations indicating a range of processes. Some peridotites experienced geochemical modifications associated with melt-rock interaction processes prior to serpentinization, which resulted in positive correlations of increasing high field strength element (HFSE) concentrations and light rare earth element (LREE) contents. Other serpentinites and lizardite mineral separates are enriched in LREE, lacking a correlation with HFSE due to interaction with high-temperature, black-smoker type fluids. The enrichment of serpentinites and lizardite separates in trace elements, as well as locally developed negative Ce-anomalies, indicate that interaction with low-T ambient seawater is another important process in the Logatchev hydrothermal system. Hence, mixing of high-T hydrothermal fluids during serpentinization and/or re-equilibration of O-isotope signatures during subsequent low-T alteration is required to explain the trace element and δ18O temperature constraints. Highly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr signatures of serpentinite and lizardite separates provide additional evidence for interaction with seawater-derived fluids. Sparse talc alteration at the Logatchev site are most likely caused by Si-metasomatism of serpentinite associated with the emplacement of shallow gabbro intrusion(s) generating localized hydrothermal circulation. In summary the geochemistry of serpentinites from the Logatchev site document subsurface processes and the evolution of a seafloor ultramafic hydrothermal system

CP Violation and the Width Z→bbˉZ\rightarrow b\bar{b}

We discuss the effect of CP-violating $Zb\bar{b}$, $Zb\bar{b}G$ and $Zb\bar{b}\gamma$ couplings on the width $\Gamma(Z\rightarrow b\bar bX)$. The presence of such couplings leads in a natural way to an increase of this width relative to the prediction of the standard model. Various strategies of a direct search for such CP-violating couplings by using CP-odd observables are outlined. The number of $Z$ bosons required to obtain significant information on the couplings in this way is well within the reach of present LEP experiments.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Soft photon anomaly and gauge/string duality

Motivated by the recent DELPHI report on the anomalous photon production in e^+e^- annihilation, we exactly calculate the inclusive cross section of soft photons in the strong coupling limit of N=4 super Yang-Mills. We find that the energy distribution is that of the Bremsstrahlung, while the angular distribution is spherical. Our result elucidates a new non-perturbative source of soft photons not associated with the final state hadronic Bremsstrahlung.Comment: 22 page

New Observables for Parity Violation in Atoms: Energy Shifts in External Electric Fields

We consider hydrogen-like atoms in unstable levels of principal quantum number n=2, confined to a finite size region in a non-homogeneous electric field carrying handedness. The interplay between the internal degrees of freedom of the atoms and the external ones of their c.m. motion can produce P-odd contributions to the eigenenergies. The nominal order of such shifts is 10^-8 Hz. Typically such energy shifts depend linearly on the small P-violation parameters delta_i similarequal 10^-12 (i=1,2), essentially the ratios of the P-violating mixing matrix elements of the 2S and 2P states over the Lamb shift, with i=1 (i=2) corresponding to the nuclear spin independent (dependent) term. We show how such energy shifts can be enhanced by a factor of similarequal 10^6 in a resonance like way for special field configurations where a crossing of unstable levels occurs, leading to P-violating effects proportional to squareroot{delta_i}. Measurements of such effects can give information concerning the ``spin crisis'' of the nucleons.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, submitted to Phys. Lett.