Two (Federal) Wrongs Make a (State) Right: State Class Action Procedures as an Alternative to the Opt-In Class Action Provisions of the ADEA

This Article argues that the opt-in class action of the ADEA is an anachronism and that age-discrimination litigants can take advantage of the broader protection afforded to Title VII litigants by bringing their ADEA suits as Rule 23 class actions in state courts. A comparison of the two statutes reveals similar purposes and nearly identical substantive provisions, but procedural provisions that provide less protection to victims of age discrimination, including widely disparate class-action provisions

Legal Presumptions and the Role of Mental Health Professionals in Child Custody Proceedings

In child custody cases, mental health professionals are frequently used to evaluate the fitness of parents, the effects of child-parent separation, and the best interest of the child. Frequently, however, the courts delegate custody decision-making authority to those mental health professionals. This article examines the history and use of legal presumptions in child custody law, and ultimately questions the propriety of the role that mental health professionals currently play in custody disputes

Oral History Interview: Margaret Sharpe Bowermaster

This interview is one of a series conducted concerning the Oral History of Appalachia. Margaret Sharpe Bowermaster was a nurse who working in Richmond, Virginia an later in West Virginia. In this interview, she discusses her education, her experiences working at a hospital, medical and surgical procedures, patients she lost, and work she did after retirement.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1215/thumbnail.jp

Guest Artist Recital and Masterclass:Tod Bowermaster, Horn

Kemp Recital Hall Sunday Afternoon November 11, 2001 2:00p.m

A critical Appraisal of "The lowering of bilirubin levels in patients with neonatal jaundice using massage therapy: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial"

As an assignment for the Angelo State University Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, this is a critical appraisal of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial looking at the effects of massage therapy on jaundiced infants. This appraisal is to be used as guide to better decide if the research article discussed is unbiased, trustworthy, and should be used in evidence-based practice. Being able to decipher the strong and weak points within a research article is imperative for a healthcare provider to be able to deliver the highest quality of care to patients. The results of the study indicate that infant massage, when combined with phototherapy, will increase the defecation frequency and lead to lower serum bilirubin levels in jaundiced infants sooner than phototherapy used alone. These findings could be misleading due to the fact that there is a big percentage of withdrawal within the experimental and control group. Within the methods and results, there is vague information on the concealment of the study, how the control group was monitored, the accuracy of the outcomes measured, and if the results found are clinically significant enough to be used in the clinic. The introduction and discussion are written with good information and a variety of literature sources used to complement and contrast the findings. Overall, the research paper is not recommended to be used without further investigation into other high-quality studies using massage therapy as a way to lower bilirubin levels

Fitness Tracker Comparison of Energy Expenditure in a Healthy Population vs. Type 2 Diabetics

Many are using wearable fitness trackers to assess energy expenditure (EE). Fitness trackers have been demonstrated to overestimate EE. Few studies have investigated EE tracking in the diabetic population. PURPOSE: To compare energy expenditure estimation for two fitness trackers and a gold-standard in a type 2 diabetic (T2DM) versus a healthy (H) population. METHODS: 24 participants (10 T2DM; 14 H) were recruited and met inclusion criteria. At initial visit, subjects completed treadmill walking while connected to a metabolic cart (gold-standard) with continuous monitoring via face mask and 2 activity trackers standardized in place one on each wrist. Participants walked on a treadmill for two phases: Phase A consisted of a warm-up followed by 10 minutes data collection at a self-selected walking pace (SSWP). Phase B included 10 minutes walking at 40-60% heart rate reserve. Total energy expenditure (EE) was collected from each device during the 10-minute data collection periods. Baseline descriptive data and Pearson correlation were determined. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare EE from the gold-standard in both groups for phase A and B. Friedman’s followed by Wilcoxon post hoc tests along with Bland-Altman analyses were utilized to explore EE measurements in all devices for groups in phase A and B. RESULTS: Results from the gold standard indicated no difference in EE between T2DM and H in phase A or B. (Phase A: T2DM=50.2+/- 10.5 Kcal, H=47.0+/-11.8 Kcal; Phase B: T2DM=74.0+/-20.5 Kcal vs. H=79.9+/-22.6 Kcal). In exploratory comparisons, T2DM and H both demonstrated no significant difference in EE between tracker 1 and 2 (76.21+/-27.3 Kcal vs. 79.4+/-20.5 Kcal) while both trackers showed a significant difference compared to the gold-standard (48.3+/-11.1 Kcal) in phase A. For phase B, all devices were significantly different (Tracker 1: 113.25+/-32.1 Kcal; Tracker 2: 95.1+/-22.12 Kcal; Gold-standard: 77.45+/-21.5 Kcal). CONCLUSION: TD2M demonstrated no difference in EE versus healthy individuals during a SSWP or walking at a moderate intensity. Based on exploratory analyses, more variance between groups was noted utilizing activity trackers. Additionally, the trackers demonstrate a tendency to overestimate EE in both groups despite standardization of placement and intensity of walking. Health care professionals should use this knowledge in recommendations during exercise prescription

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy in the characterization of activated graphite electrodes

Sir: To date there have been many methods described to activate carbon electrodes, including electrochemical treatment (1-1 7), laser irradiation (18-21), radio-frequency (RF) plasma (22), and heat treatment (23-26). These methods were developed empirically, and only now is an understanding of parameters controlling surface activity beginning to emerge (20,27). Electrochemical treatment and laser irradiation are particularly attractive treatments because they are relatively inexpensive, are quick, and can be performed without removing the electrode from solution. Activation, common to these procedures, may be attributable to an increase in the exposed edge plane density, which has been associated with faster kinetics (14,20). Copper deposition in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown an increase in the density of localized defects on active surfaces (15); an increase in surface activity is associated with an increase in the density of the localized defects (15). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), phase detection microscopy, and SEM have also been used to study the effects of electrochemical treatment of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) (13) and glassy carbon (GC) (16,17). These studies have suggested an increase in surface roughness consistent with an increase in the density of exposed edge planes