Determining the Accessibility of Zeolite L Channels Using the Color Change of Thionine Dyes

Host-guest materials are created when a guest dye molecule enters the channels within the zeolite host, which can be useful to understand how molecules act in a constrained environment. In the study of Zeolite L, it was previously unclear if Brooker’s merocyanine was able to go into the channels of Zeolite L. The purpose of this research was to determine if thionine dye could be inserted into the zeolite crystal channels and how much dye would be adsorbed. Thionine was chosen as a guest dye to compare synthesized zeolite with known literature behavior. Zeolite L was synthesized in the lab, and the crystal structure was confirmed with XRD. Then, a zeolite suspension was added to a 2.5 x 10-5 M aqueous thionine solution and heated to boiling until the solution turned from purple to blue. The color change indicated that the dye molecules entered the channels of the zeolite, which lead to three conclusions. First, the synthesized Zeolite L channels could incorporate dye molecules, which followed the literature example. This project also proved to be a faster way of confirming that the crystal was correct versus examining the crystal in the XRD. Lastly, the amount of dye that entered the zeolite channels was measured and compared to previous studies

Applications of ISES for geology

The principal applications for onboard data processing and real-time data transmission in the geological sciences are the detection of early warning signs of potential catastrophic events and the rapid assessment of impact and damage following major events. Also, the opportunity for quick look and supporting data during field investigations should not be disregarded. The Eos platforms are ideal for these applications because of the variety of earth sensing instruments and their differing modes of operation. Further study is required to define the role for each instrument and to assess how they can aid each other in establishing an improved output product

THE ENDOWMENT EFFECT AND WTA: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL TEST

This paper reports a test of the endowment effect in an economic analysis of localized air pollution. Regression techniques are used to test the significance of perceived property rights on household WTP for improved air quality versus WTA compensation to forgo an improvement in air quality. Our experiment contributes to the research into the WTP/WTA divergence by providing a new basis for supporting the existence of an endowment effect. Our results are in contrast to recent work by Shogren et al. which supports the substitution proposition of Hanemann while rejecting the endowment effect.Contingent valuation, Endowment effect, Property rights, Substitution effect, Environmental Economics and Policy,

MEASURING USE VALUE FROM RECREATION PARTICIPATION: COMMENT

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

IMPACTS OF ALTERNATIVE FARM POLICIES ON RURAL COMMUNITIES

The purpose of this study was to describe an LP/IO model for evaluating the economic impacts of alternative farm policies on rural communities and demonstrate its capabilities by analyzing the impacts of three farm policies on a rural community in Texas. Results indicate that in the noncrop sector, two groups of industries are most affected by farm policy. The first group relates to production directly (agricultural services, banking and credit, and nondurable manufacturing) and the second group relates to households (retail trade and services). Farm policies which reduce production but increase net returns cause losses for the first group while benefitting the second group. Both groups are made worse off by farm policies which reduce agricultural production and the value of output.Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Methanol oxidation on Fe2O3catalysts and the effects of surface Mo

The adsorption of methanol on haematite has been investigated using temperature programmed methods, combined with in situ DRIFTS. Model catalysts based on this material have then been made with a shell–core configuration of molybdenum oxide monolayers on top of the haematite core. These are used as models of industrial iron molybdate catalysts, used to selectively oxidise methanol to formaldehyde, one of the major chemical outlets for methanol. Haematite itself is completely ineffective in this respect since it oxidises it to CO2 and the DRIFTS shows that this occurs by oxidation of methoxy to formate at around 200 °C. The decomposition behaviour is affected by the absence or presence of oxygen in the gas phase; oxygen destabilises the methoxy and enhances formate production. In contrast, when a monolayer of molybdena is placed onto the surface by incipient wetness, and it remains there after calcination, the pathway to formate production is blocked and formaldehyde is the main gas phase product in TPD after methanol dosing

Effects of aerosols and surface shadowing on bidirectional reflectance measurements of deserts

Desert surfaces are probably one of the most stable of the Earth's natural targets for remote sensing. The bidirectional reflectance properties of the Saudi Arabian desert was investigated during the Summer Monsoon Experiment (Summer Monex). A comparison of high-altitude with near-surface measurements of the White Sands desert showed significant differences. These discrepancies have been attributed to forward scattering of the dust-laden atmosphere prevalent during Summer Monex. This paper is concerned in general with modeling the effects of atmospheric aerosols and surface shadowing on the remote sensing of bidirectional reflectance factors of desert targets, and in particular with comparing the results of these models with flight results. Although it is possible to approximate the latter, it is felt that a surface reflectance model with a smaller specular component would have permitted using a more realistic set of atmospheric conditions in the simulations