The "personal work relationship" in Austria

When assessing the personal work relationship in Austria, first the contractual relationship needs to be scrutinised. Following the differentiation between employees, semi-dependent workers (with the sub-category of employee-like working persons) and businesspersons, all, only some, or none, of the statutes and laws falling under the category of "individual labour law" (e.g. Working Hours Act, Holidays Act etc) apply. Collective bargaining agreements, providing, amongst others, for minimum wages (N.B. there is no statutory minimum wage in Austria), can be concluded for employees only, though (with very few and specific exceptions for persons in the media sector). This paper analyses the legal situations of the different categories of working persons and critically assesses the non-application of most labour laws, including collective bargaining agreements, to employee-like working persons. It questions whether, from a teleological point of view, a different assessment would be necessary

Проект гелиевой турбины в составе энергоблока АЭС с высокотемпературным газоохлаждаемым реактором

Целью работы является разработка проекта газовой турбины для энергоблока с высокотемпературным газоохлаждаемым реактором. Исходными данными для выполнения работы являются: высокотемпературный гелиевый реактор с температурой газа на выходе из реактора 1000 °С, конструктивные и энергетические характеристики компрессора, материалы преддипломной практики и данные научно-технической и учебной литературы, периодических изданий.

Fluorescence detection In aldehyde containing model systems: Relationship with fish deterioration

6 páginas, 4 tablas.[ES] En estudios previos se llevó a cabo la deteoeion de oempuestos de interacción a través de sus propiedades fluorescentes a distintos máximos de excitación/emisión durante el procesamiento de pescado, observándose un desplazamiento de la fluorescencia a longitudes de onda mayores como resultado del incremento de la alteración. En el presente trabajo se chequearon distintos tipos de aldehidos al objeto de comparar su capacidad para formar compuestos fluorescentes de distintas longitudes de onda en relación con el procesamiento de pescado. Dichos aldehidos (formaldehido, FA; acetaldehido, AcH; propanal, Pr; hexanal, Hex; 2-hexenal, Hx; benzaldehido, BzH) se hicieron reaccionar con músculo de sardina (Sardina pilchardus) desmenuzada y con n-propilamina a 30°C en oscuridad durante 25 días. Con el aumento del tiempo de reacción, todos los aldehidos estudiados mostraron capacidad para producir un desplazamiento a mayores longitudes de onda de la fluorescencia detectada. Sin embargo se observaron distintas aptitudes, de acuerdo con la estructura y la reactividad de cada aldehido. El desplazamiento fue especialmente pronunciado en los casos de Hx y AcH, mientras que fue bastante pequeño con FAy BzH. En una situación intermedia se situaron Pr y Hex, en los que al igual que durante la alteración de pescado, se observó un incremento en la relación entre las fluorescencias detectadas a 393/463 nm y 327/415 nm al avanzar el tiempo de reacción.[EN] In previous studies interaction compounds formation was accomplished by fluorescence detection at different excitation/ emission wavelength maxima during fish processing. Afluorescence shift towards higher wavelength maxima was then obtained as a result of damage increase. In the present work, different aldehydes were tested in order to compare their ability in producing fluorescent compounds with similar properties to the ones obtained during fish processing. Aldehydes (formaldehyde, FA; acetaldehyde, AcH; propanal, Pr; hexanal, Hex; 2-hexenal Hx; benzaldehyde, BzH) were reacted in model systems with sardine (Sardina pilchardus) muscle and with n-propylamine at 30°C in dark during 25 days. Afluorescence shift was detected for all the aldehydes investigated as long as the reaction time increased. Great differences were observed between aldehydes, according to their chemical structure and reactivity. A sharp shift was detected for Hx and AcH, while little changes were observed in the cases of FA and BzH. As in the case of fish processing, Pr and Hex showed an increasing ratio between fluorescences detected at 393/463 nm and 327/415 nm as long as the reaction time increased.Agradecemos a la Xunta de Galicia la ayuda financiera otorgada (Proyecto FAIR (CEE) CT 95-111).Peer reviewe

Познание и образование как основные элементы при изучении будущего

The article gives the overview of cognitive practices in philosophy. The authoremphasizes that there is a correlation between cognition and education.Integration of this two sides of a social life gives a possibility forfurther development of society

The Concept of "Nature’s Human" in the boundaries ecology-futurology’s investigation and obstacle they can to appear attached to his consideration

Стаття присвячена розробці питання "Людина природня" у рамках дослідження екологічної футурології та опису проблем її розуміння.This article is dedicate working out of question about "Nature’s Human" in the boundaries ecology futurology’s and describe problem’s attached to his understanding