<em>Euclid</em>: Early Release Observations – Deep anatomy of nearby galaxies

\ua9 The Authors 2025. Euclid is poised to make significant advances in the study of nearby galaxies in the Local Universe. Here we present a first look at six galaxies observed for the Nearby Galaxy Showcase as part of the Euclid Early Release Observations acquired between August and November, 2023. These targets, three dwarf galaxies (Holmberg II, IC 10, and NGC 6822) and three spirals (IC 342, NGC 2403, and NGC 6744), range in distance from about 0.5 Mpc to 8.8 Mpc. We first assess the surface brightness depths in the stacked Euclid images, and confirm previous estimates in 100 arcsec2 regions for Visible Camera (VIS) of 1σ limits of 30.5 mag arcsec-2, but find deeper than previous estimates for Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) with 1σ = 29.2–29.4 mag arcsec-2. By combining Euclid HE, YE, and IE into RGB images, we illustrate the large field of view (FoV) covered by a single reference observing sequence (ROS), together with exquisite detail on scales of &lt;1–4 parsecs in these nearby galaxies. Our analysis of radial surface brightness and color profiles demonstrates that the photometric calibration of Euclid is consistent with what is expected for galaxy colors according to stellar synthesis models. We perform standard source-selection techniques for stellar photometry, and find approximately 1.3 million stars across the six galaxy fields. After subtracting foreground stars and background galaxies, and applying a color and magnitude selection, we extract stellar populations of different ages for the six galaxies. The resolved stellar photometry obtained with Euclid allows us to constrain the star-formation histories of these galaxies, which we do by disentangling the distributions of young stars and asymptotic giant branch and red giant branch stellar populations. We finally examine two galaxies individually for surrounding systems of dwarf galaxy satellites and globular cluster populations. Our analysis of the ensemble of dwarf satellites around NGC 6744 recovers all the previously known dwarf satellites within the Euclid FoV, and also confirms the satellite nature of a previously identified candidate, dw1909m6341, a nucleated dwarf spheroidal at the end of a spiral arm. Our new census of the globular clusters around NGC 2403 yields nine new star-cluster candidates, eight of which exhibit colors indicative of evolved stellar populations. In summary, our first investigation of six “showcase” galaxies demonstrates that Euclid is a powerful probe of stellar structure and stellar populations in nearby galaxies, and will provide vastly improved statistics on dwarf satellite systems and extragalactic globular clusters in the local Universe, among many other exciting results

Nosocomial infections among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in a Brazilian infectious diseases unit

Background: Some researchers observed that HIV-infected patients have a higher risk of acquiring nosocomial infections (NI). This study compared the incidence of NI among HIV-positive and HIV-negative inpatients. Methods: Patients from an infectious diseases ward who were classified as positive and negative regarding their HIV status were followed-up for 21 months in a prospective cohort study. Daily surveillance was made with use of Centers for Disease Prevention and Control criteria for NI. Results: NI per 1000 patients-day were 8.16 for HIV-positive patients and 3.94 for HIV-negative patients (P = .01). Central venous catheter (CVC) and urinary catheter utilization was significantly higher among HIV-positive patients than among HIV-negative patients (P < .001). Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused most of the NI, followed by urinary tract infections, vascular infections, and pneumonia. Overall, HIV-positive patients were more likely to have a BSI than were HIV-negative patients (P = .005). When only BSI was analyzed in patients with a CVC, there was no difference in the incidence of BSI between the 2 groups of patients (P = .24). HIV-positive patients were more likely to have an NI caused by Staphylococcus aureus than were HIV-negative patients (P = .04). Other important NI agents in both groups were Acinetobacter baumanii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Conclusions: in this study the HIV-positive patients were more likely to have NI than were the HIV-negative patients. Overall, HIV-positive patients are at increased risk for an NI caused either by S aureus or a BSI. Although HIV-positive patients had more CVC-days, there was no difference in the number of BSI among both groups, suggesting that the BSI incidence in the HIV-positive group is not exclusively related to the CVC.30634635

Nasal MRSA colonization of AIDS patients cared for in a Brazilian university hospital

Weekly culture surveillance was conducted over a 2-year period to determine the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients cared for in a day-care unit and in an infectious diseases unit. Analysis of genomic DNA profiles showed a predominant pattern in both units.o TEXTO COMPLETO DESTE ARTIGO, ESTARÁ DISPONÍVEL À PARTIR DE AGOSTO DE 2015.221278378

APPLICATION OF GENOMIC DNA SUBTYPING BY PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS AND RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS OF PLASMID DNA TO CHARACTERIZE METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS FROM 2 NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid DNA (REAP) were applied to study the epidemiologic relationship among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from outbreaks in two hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil: 82 MRSA isolates, 73 from a university hospital and nine from a general adult intensive care unit of a private hospital, were collected from 62 patients: 95% of the MRSAs were also resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. REAP subtyping of both collections identified six different subtypes: 55 (72.6%) MRSAs from the university hospital and nine isolates from the private hospital shared the same epidemic REAP subtype. Discrimination by restriction of genomic DNA with Sma I followed by PFGE enabled the identification of 14 DNA subtypes. Based an the combined REAP-genomic DNA subtype, the predominant subtype in the university hospital was AIA (44 isolates) whereas the epidemic subtype in the private hospital was AIM (seven isolates). The application of two typing methods showed better discrimination among MRSAs than did either method alone.17427528

Susceptibility profile of 200 bloodstream isolates of Candida spp. collected from Brazilian tertiary care hospitals

We evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of 200 recent bloodstream isolates of Candida spp. sequentially obtained from patients admitted to five tertiary care hospitals in Brazil. Isolates were identified by classical methods and the antifungal susceptibility profile was determined by the NCCLS microbroth assay method. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (41.5%), followed by C. tropicalis (24%) and C. parapsilosis (20.5%). the frequency of C. glabrata and C. krusei was low (nine and two isolates, respectively). Only three strains were resistant to fluconazole (two C. krusei and one C. glabrata) and only one was resistant to itraconazole (the same C. glabrata strain that was resistant to fluconazole). Two strains were considered susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) to fluconazole and 13 isolates (6.5%) were SDD to itraconazole. Overall, the MIC50 value of non-C. albicans isolates for fluconazole was two dilutions higher than that of C. albicans isolates, and for itraconazole was one dilution higher. Resistance to amphotericin B (MICgreater than or equal to2 mug ml(-1)) was observed in 2.5% of isolates (two strains of C. albicans, two of C. parapsilosis and one of C. krusei). This study showed that episodes of candidemia in Brazilian public hospitals are represented mainly by fluconazole-susceptible non-C. albicans species. This finding is probably related to the low use of fluconazole in these hospitals.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilHosp & Maternidade Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Serv Estado São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Univ Hosp, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Nasal MRSA colonization of AIDS patients cared for in a Brazilian university hospital

Weekly culture surveillance was conducted over a 2-year period to determine the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients cared for in a day-care unit and in an infectious diseases unit. Analysis of genomic DNA profiles showed a predominant pattern in both units.Univ Estadual Campinas, Hosp Infect Control Comm, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Microbiol Serv, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Susceptibility profile of 200 bloodstream isolates of Candida spp. collected from Brazilian tertiary care hospitals

We evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of 200 recent bloodstream isolates of Candida spp. sequentially obtained from patients admitted to five tertiary care hospitals in Brazil. Isolates were identified by classical methods and the antifungal susceptibility profile was determined by the NCCLS microbroth assay method. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (41.5%), followed by C. tropicalis (24%) and C. parapsilosis (20.5%). The frequency of C. glabrata and C. krusei was low (nine and two isolates, respectively). Only three strains were resistant to fluconazole (two C. krusei and one C. glabrata) and only one was resistant to itraconazole (the same C. glabrata strain that was resistant to fluconazole). Two strains were considered susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) to fluconazole and 13 isolates (6.5%) were SDD to itraconazole. Overall, the MIC50 value of non-C. albicans isolates for fluconazole was two dilutions higher than that of C. albicans isolates, and for itraconazole was one dilution higher. Resistance to amphotericin B (MICgreater than or equal to2 mug ml(-1)) was observed in 2.5% of isolates (two strains of C. albicans, two of C. parapsilosis and one of C. krusei). This study showed that episodes of candidemia in Brazilian public hospitals are represented mainly by fluconazole-susceptible non-C. albicans species. This finding is probably related to the low use of fluconazole in these hospitals.41323523

PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTION

31211912