Assessing Changes in Freshwater and Marine Food Web Connections Following Restoration on the Penobscot River, Maine, Using Stable Isotope Analysis

Oiadromous fish provide ecological subsidies to freshwater and marine food webs, connecting both ecosystems. A main goal of the Penobscot River Restoration Project was to increase connectivity between food webs by removing two mainstem dams, improving fish passage, and reintroducing river herring through stocking. Oiadromous fish now reach historic spawning habitat that was not accessible for centuries. As a result, river herring runs in the Penobscot River increased from 2,336 fish in 2009 to over 3 million fish by 2018. To assess food web connectivity in the Penobscot watershed, I analyzed stable isotopes from samples collected before (2009-2010) and after (2020-2021) dam removals by sampling species ranging in trophic level from piscivorous fish to baseline primary consumers from three mainstem and three major upstream tributary sites. I targeted top fish predators that can consume adult river herring directly. Pre-restoration, I found little evidence of marine derived nutrient (MON) assimilation in freshwater food webs, with the exception of a mainstem site below all dams. Post-restoration, MON assimilation increased only below what is now the lowest dam on the river, likely due to migration delays aggregating more fish for a longer period of time than in free-flowing river sections. Where changes in MON assimilation occurred, I saw evidence of bottom-up enrichment of the food web. This pattern of enrichment has been measured in smaller rivers with spawning runs dominated by river herring. These results may be one of the first in a river of this size (watershed area 22,300 km2) and restoration of this magnitude, suggesting that even in larger rivers with greater dilution effects, effects of river herring on the transfer of nutrients from marine to freshwaters are detectable. In the Penobscot Watershed, river herring currently dominates the sea-run fish population but only comprise 20% of conservative estimates of historic run size based on spawning habitat available before dam construction. As sea-run species increase in abundance, I expect MDN to be detectable beyond points of aggregation

Cecil C. Brewer, RN, BSN, MS, Oral History Interview, 2006 June 14

Major Topics Covered: Personal and educational background Contributions to care of in-patient care of head and neck patients. Views of nursing at MD Anderson in the 1970shttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/mchv_interviewsessions/1224/thumbnail.jp

Cecil C. Brewer, RN, BSN, MS, Oral History Interview, 2019 May 16

Major Topics Covered: Personal and educational background; a childhood in rural Texas and Dallas under segregation Views of male nurses in the 1960s/1970s Historical perspective on nursing at MD Anderson in the 1970shttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/mchv_interviewsessions/1225/thumbnail.jp

Cecil C. Brewer, RN, BSN, MS, Oral History Interview, 2019 June 06

Major Topics Covered: Nursing leadership and development of nursing: Renilda Hilkemeyer [oral history interview], Joyce Alt [oral history interview], John Crosley, Donna Sollenberger [oral history interview]; development of the Center Administrative Directors; career ladder for nursing development; advances in patient care practices, in-patient and out-patienthttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/mchv_interviewsessions/1226/thumbnail.jp

Cecil C. Brewer, RN, BSN, MS, Oral History Interview, 2019 June 20

Major Topics Covered: Nursing leadership and development of nursing: Renilda Hilkemeyer [oral history interview], Joyce Alt [oral history interview], John Crosley, Donna Sollenberger [oral history interview]; development of the Center Administrative Directors; career ladder for nursing development; advances in patient care practices, in-patient and out-patient Contributions to care of in-patient care of head and neck patients.https://openworks.mdanderson.org/mchv_interviewsessions/1227/thumbnail.jp

Search for the Decays B^0 -> D^{(*)+} D^{(*)-}

Using the CLEO-II data set we have searched for the Cabibbo-suppressed decays B^0 -> D^{(*)+} D^{(*)-}. For the decay B^0 -> D^{*+} D^{*-}, we observe one candidate signal event, with an expected background of 0.022 +/- 0.011 events. This yield corresponds to a branching fraction of Br(B^0 -> D^{*+} D^{*-}) = (5.3^{+7.1}_{-3.7}(stat) +/- 1.0(syst)) x 10^{-4} and an upper limit of Br(B^0 -> D^{*+} D^{*-}) D^{*\pm} D^\mp and B^0 -> D^+ D^-, no significant excess of signal above the expected background level is seen, and we calculate the 90% CL upper limits on the branching fractions to be Br(B^0 -> D^{*\pm} D^\mp) D^+ D^-) < 1.2 x 10^{-3}.Comment: 12 page postscript file also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS, submitted to Physical Review Letter

The sound of street corner society: UK grime music as ethnography

This article explores the ways in which popular music can be linked to ethnography. While there is a tradition of connecting popular music with sociology, this article posits a further resonance that is not so much theoretical as methodological. The article suggests that forms of contemporary popular music parallel key facets of ethnography, not simply in terms of sociological analysis, but with regard to popular music as an ethnographic resource, as ‘data’, and as the reflexive expression of Paul Willis’ conception of the ‘ethnographic imagination’; and the article argues that contemporary British hip-hop in the form of ‘grime’ is a potent exemplar. This is due to the resolutely cultural, spatial nature of grime music: a factor that marks out grime as a distinctive musical genre and a distinctive ethnographic form, as it is an experientially rooted music about urban locations, made from within those urban locations

Phylogenomics illuminates the backbone of the Myriapoda Tree of Life and reconciles morphological and molecular phylogenies

© The Author(s) 2017 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The attached file is the published version of the article

Arthropod Phylogenetics in Light of Three Novel Millipede (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) Mitochondrial Genomes with Comments on the Appropriateness of Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Data for Inferring Deep Level Relationships

Background Arthropods are the most diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, but their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Herein, we describe three mitochondrial genomes representing orders of millipedes for which complete genomes had not been characterized. Newly sequenced genomes are combined with existing data to characterize the protein coding regions of myriapods and to attempt to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships within the Myriapoda and Arthropoda. Results The newly sequenced genomes are similar to previously characterized millipede sequences in terms of synteny and length. Unique translocations occurred within the newly sequenced taxa, including one half of the Appalachioria falcifera genome, which is inverted with respect to other millipede genomes. Across myriapods, amino acid conservation levels are highly dependent on the gene region. Additionally, individual loci varied in the level of amino acid conservation. Overall, most gene regions showed low levels of conservation at many sites. Attempts to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships suffered from questionable relationships and low support values. Analyses of phylogenetic informativeness show the lack of signal deep in the trees (i.e., genes evolve too quickly). As a result, the myriapod tree resembles previously published results but lacks convincing support, and, within the arthropod tree, well established groups were recovered as polyphyletic. Conclusions The novel genome sequences described herein provide useful genomic information concerning millipede groups that had not been investigated. Taken together with existing sequences, the variety of compositions and evolution of myriapod mitochondrial genomes are shown to be more complex than previously thought. Unfortunately, the use of mitochondrial protein-coding regions in deep arthropod phylogenetics appears problematic, a result consistent with previously published studies. Lack of phylogenetic signal renders the resulting tree topologies as suspect. As such, these data are likely inappropriate for investigating such ancient relationships

Asteroseismology and Interferometry

Asteroseismology provides us with a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of stellar structure and evolution. Recent developments, including the first systematic studies of solar-like pulsators, have boosted the impact of this field of research within Astrophysics and have led to a significant increase in the size of the research community. In the present paper we start by reviewing the basic observational and theoretical properties of classical and solar-like pulsators and present results from some of the most recent and outstanding studies of these stars. We centre our review on those classes of pulsators for which interferometric studies are expected to provide a significant input. We discuss current limitations to asteroseismic studies, including difficulties in mode identification and in the accurate determination of global parameters of pulsating stars, and, after a brief review of those aspects of interferometry that are most relevant in this context, anticipate how interferometric observations may contribute to overcome these limitations. Moreover, we present results of recent pilot studies of pulsating stars involving both asteroseismic and interferometric constraints and look into the future, summarizing ongoing efforts concerning the development of future instruments and satellite missions which are expected to have an impact in this field of research.Comment: Version as published in The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, Volume 14, Issue 3-4, pp. 217-36