Human health risk analysis from disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking and bathing water of some Indian cities

BACKGROUND: Human health risk assessment from exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking and bathing water vary from country to country as per life expectancy, body mass index, water consumption pattern and individual concentration of DBPs component, etc. METHODS: Present study considered average direct water intake per person for adult males and females as 4 & 3 L/day, respectively as per Indian literature for risk evaluation from another component of pollutant. While other important factor like average life expectancy, body weight & body surface area for male and female were considered 64 & 67 years, 51.9 & 45.4 Kg and 1.54 & 1.38 m(2) respectively as per Indian Council of Medical Research and WHO report. The corresponding lifetime cancer risk of the formed THMs to human beings was estimated by the USEPA and IRIS method as per Indian population. RESULTS: The total cancer risk reached 8.99 E-04 and 8.92 E-04 for males and females, respectively, the highest risk from THMs seems to be from the inhalation route followed by ingestion and dermal contacts. CONCLUSIONS: The multipath way evaluations of lifetime cancer risks for THMs exposure through ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure were examined at the highest degree of danger. Results reveals that water containing THMs of the selected water treatment plant of the eastern part of India was unsafe in terms of risk evaluation through inhalation and ingestion, while dermal route of risk was found very close to permissible limit of USEPA. Sensitivity analysis shows that every input parameter is sole responsible for total risk potential, whereas exposure duration playing important role for estimation of total risk

A review on Script & Languages in the Study of Medical Manuscripts

India has a history of ancient medical science, which has been practiced for centuries. Practitioners around the world applied the same the fundamentals but had different perspectives. Some of these perspectives have been lined up in order to convey practitioners' experiences and recent discoveries. These can be found in several manuscripts from various parts of the world. India has a unique culture, language, and knowledge dating back to ancient times. Along with this, regional geographical variance throughout India results in a variety of scripts and languages. Every 50-100 kilometers, we notice dialects in the languages. The language we speak now evolved from ancient languages. The units represented by visual symbols in written form are referred to as script. To comprehend the content written in ancient manuscripts, one requires knowledge of the script and language

Ayurvedic management of diabetic wound - A Case Study

India is the diabetic capital of the world gaining the status of a potential epidemic. 25% cases of diabetes mellitus turns into grievous complications like a diabetic foot. 5% of the entire lower limb surgeries are known to be amputation of the foot due to a diabetic wound (Dushtavrana). The treatment of a diabetic wound requires a team of a physician, a surgeon and an endocrinologist and measures are taken to control the sugars of the patient, however, to prevent further aggravation and worsening of the patients condition, foot amputation is considered as the final decision. However, Ayurvedic intervention proves to be a silver lining in the dark cloud of diabetic complications. Definitely, if done with full dedication by the physician and followed by the patient, amputation of the foot can be avoided and sugars can be controlled with visible healing of the skin. This case study will reveal the management of a diabetic wound through Antaha-Parimarjana (internal medications) and Bahir - Parimarjana (external applications) Chikitsa till the recovery

To assess the Garbha Poshan by Upsneha and Upsweda Nyayas in Ayurveda and to assess the Role of Incubators in Post Natal Care

Ayurveda, commonly known as “The Science of Life” originated in India 5000 years back. It places great emphasis on a holistic approach that not only addresses the root cause of diseases but also helps in prevention of disease by including the way of living healthy. Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine, narrates about the genetic principles, Garbhavakranti (embryology), Garbhini Paricharya (Ante Natal Care), Port partum care, and a newborn care in stepwise and systematic manner in Brihattrayi's. The ultimate aim of Antenatal Care is to achieve healthy mother and a healthy baby. The concept of Suprajajanana is the prime concern of Ayurveda since a long time. Nutrition during pregnancy has a profound effect on development of the foetus. Before formation of placenta, nourishment of foetus occurs through Upasneha Nyaya afterwards it is nourished by Upasweda Nyaya and by a placental circulation. The improper foetal nutrition may end in Akal Prasav (preterm labour) or Garbhavyapadas like Upavishtak (IUGR) or any other foetal is complications. It is evident that Ayurveda offers holistic natural formulations in the management of Garbhavyapadas. In modern medical science infants with or without LBW or IUGR are managed by keeping them in Incubators under observation, as they achieves a very little time to grow and gain weight in the mother's womb

Role of Millets in prevention and management of lifestyle disorders

To study the role of Millets in prevention and & management & lifestyle disorders. Ayurveda is recognized as the foremost life science & describes ways to prevent & manage lifestyle disorders. Ayurveda provides better solution in the forms of proper dietary management and lifestyle advisor. Millets are gluten free diet they have considerable potential in foods and beverages and can meet the growing demand of gluten free diet

Ayurveda for Cancer therapy - A Review

Malignant cells multiply and divide uncontrollably in a variety of disorders known as cancer. These cells form tumors which are cancerous growths. There are various treatment available for cancer, still Ayurveda plays significant role. Ayurveda may be beneficial in the prevention, palliation, treatment, and support of cancer in a variety of ways. Ayurvedic medicine helps to raise living standards. It can be used in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiation therapy as an adjuvant or co-therapy. Ayurvedic treatment minimizes toxicities of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In case of recurrence Ayurveda maintenance therapy will be helpful

Efficacy of Yojana Chatuska

Introduction: This nectar of knowledge has been stored by Acharya Charaka in very beautiful way i.e. Chatushka methodology. The Chatushkas are not just presenting a unique scribing methodology but are the evidences of the practical approach of Charaka Samhita as a text of Kayachikitsa School of thoughts. Each Chatushka is very important in its place but the Yojana Chatushka offers uniqueness in conjoining all of them, though placed at 6th place. It presents draft of Yuktivyapasraya Chikitsa and states the Roga Bhesaja Yojana and hence acquaints the superior position as in context with Charakastu Chikitsa.Aim- To study the Yojana Chatushka as per Ayurvedic classical texts. Objectives: Conceptual study of Yojana Chatuska. Material and Methods: Ayurvedic text, Ayurvedic Samhita, Published article are review for compilation and analysis of the concept. Discussion and conclusion: The utilization and application of Bhesaja (drug) on disease with respect to Kala Prakruti etc. Thus the word Yojana has much more broader aspect as it is used as the synonym of Chikitsa. Yojana Chatushka makes the person to understand the use of Yukti in treatment point of view

A brief review of digitization as a modern and technical face of Manuscript Preservation

Manuscripts are the treasure of knowledge reflecting the intellectual expertise of ancient scholars. Preserving these repositories of information and ensuring their easy access is crucial and is need of an hour. In today’s modern and digital world, the most preferred method of preservation of manuscript is digitization. This article is a brief review of digitization as a new age preservation method for manuscripts

Review on importance of Textual Criticism in Ayurveda Manuscriptology

Ayurved, the ancient Indian system of medicine, developed as a result of the accumulated wisdom and practical experiences of many generations. The knowledge gained by ancient seers of Ayurved was meticulously recorded and passed down primarily through Oral medium and then through manuscripts. Manuscripts hold the new, previously unknown and rare knowledge. Concurrently, further advancement to the existing knowledge is possible through some rare and hitherto unknown manuscripts. Indian Digital sources such as Namami, Niimh-Amar have collected approximately 4249 Ayurved manuscripts from which only few are published.[1] Manuscripts preserved in libraries have limited accessibility. To reach a wider audience, they should be published. The most important scholarly aspect of manuscriptology is Textual Criticism and edition of the manuscripts for publication. The vast knowledge available in manuscripts should be evaluated by using the stepwise methods of Textual Criticism. The present study gives the brief information about Textual criticism and provide the importance of the same in Ayurved manuscripts. Textual criticism deals with studying the first formal documents of the writing, authenticating them, and identifying their variants. The objective is to recover the text from a manuscript to its earliest form and preserve its original meaning. Critical editions of Ayurvedic texts, based on multiple manuscripts, secure the heritage of this valuable knowledge, which can be published and used by Ayurved students and physicians in today’s era

Concept of Hita-Ahita Ahara and its relevance in preservation of good health w.s.r. to Pathyatam Ahara

The science and methodology of living a physically, physiologically, spiritually, and mentally balanced life is what we call as Ayurveda. It does not merely focus on curing the diseases of the unhealthy people but it also prioritises preservation of good health in already healthy individuals. The lifestyle we have moulded ourselves into after the modern civilization took place has kept us at a bay from having a perfect health, a healthy mind, and a healthy body. When it comes to maintaining good health or even curing the diseases of the patients, first thing we should take care of is the diet. i.e.  ‘Ahara’ as we call it in Ayurvedic terminologies. Ayurveda has also coined the term ‘Trayopasthamba’ which literally means the three pillars of human health. It includes- Ahara, Nidra & Bramhacharya.[1] Ahara is the utmost important factor when it comes to leading a disease free, healthy life as per Ayurveda. Today, even modern science cannot deny the impact of diet on human health. A German Philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach coined a famous phrase ‘we are what we eat’ which Ayurveda approves of and supports with many theories. This article focuses on Acharya Sushruta’s perspective of ‘Hita-Ahita Ahara’ along with Pathyatam Ahara and how it directly impacts human health