Facing others’ misfortune: Personal distress mediates the association between maladaptive emotion regulation and social avoidance

Previous research has linked the use of certain emotion regulation strategies to the vicarious experience of personal distress (PD) and empathic concern (EC). However, it has not been tested yet whether (1) vicarious PD is positively associated with maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, (2) vicarious EC is positively associated with adaptive emotion regulation strategies and whether (3) PD and EC mediate the link between emotion regulation and reports of approach/avoidance in response to a person in distress. To that aim, we assessed people’s reports of PD (i.e., anxious, troubled, and upset) and EC (i.e., concerned, sympathetic, and soft-hearted) in response to a video depicting a person in a threatening situation (n = 78). Afterwards, we assessed participants’ reports of avoidance and approach in regards to the character and their disposition to use maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Results showed that PD as well as EC were positively related to maladaptive strategies and negatively related to adaptive strategies, and that the association between maladaptive regulation strategies (i.e., rumination) and the willingness to avoid the person in distress was mediated by greater reports of PD. This study thus expands previous evidence on the relationship between maladaptive regulation strategies and affective empathy and provides novel insights about the main role that personal distress played in the association between maladaptive strategies and social avoidance

Functional performance and social relations among the elderly in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a population-based epidemiological study

This study was conducted in a probabilistic sam- ple of 2,055 elderly in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, to examine components of social network (conjugal status and visits by the children, other relatives, and friends) and social support (satisfaction with personal relations and having persons on whom to rely) associated with limitations in performing basic activities of daily living (ADL). Multivariate analysis used the Hurdle model. Performance of ADL showed independent and statistically significant associations with social network (fewer meetings with friends and not having children) and personal support (dissatisfaction/indifference towards personal relations). These associations remained after adjusting for social and demographic characteristics, health status, and other indicators of social relations. Our results emphasize the need for greater attention to social network and social support for elderly with functional limitations and those with weak social networks and social support

Social support from the perspective of adolescent victims of domestic violence

Objective: Assess the understanding of adolescents regarding the social support received in situations of domestic violence. Method: A qualitative study with data collection carried out through focus groups with 17 adolescent victims of domestic violence, institutionally welcomed in Campinas-SP, and through semi-structured interviews with seven of these adolescents. Information was analyzed by content analysis, thematic modality. Results: Observing the thematic categories it was found that social support for the subjects came from the extended family, the community, the Guardianship Council, the interpersonal relationships established at the user embracement institution and from the religiosity/spirituality. Conclusion: The mentioned sources of support deserve to be enhanced and expanded. With the current complexity of the morbidity and mortality profiles, especially in children and adolescents, the (re)signification and the (re)construction of health actions is imperative

Funções executivas, atividades da vida diária e habilidade motora de idosos com doenças neurodegenerativas

Objetivo: Analisar as funções executivas de idosos com doença de Parkinson (DP – com e sem quadro demencial) e doença de Alzheimer (DA), e confrontar os escores dos participantes no que se refere às atividades funcionais da vida diária e à habilidade motora em situações de dupla tarefa. Métodos: Sob um desenho transversal, 54 idosos foram divididos em quatro grupos: G1, composto por 11 sujeitos com DP; G2, formado por 10 sujeitos com demência de Parkinson; G3, composto por 13 participantes com DA; e G4, formado por 20 idosos saudáveis. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram análise das funções cognitivas pré-frontais dos sujeitos, da realização das atividades da vida diária e da habilidade motora em situações de dupla tarefa. A análise dos dados envolveu a estatística descritiva (média e erro-padrão) e inferencial (teste ANOVA e pós-teste de Scheffé), admitindo significância de 5% (p < 0,05) e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: As funções cognitivas pré-frontais apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos, sobretudo nas comparações envolvendo G2 e G3, em relação a G1 e G4 (p = 0,001). Os grupos com déficit cognitivo apresentaram pior rendimento na realização das atividades da vida diária, com menor escore do G2, na qual há junção de déficit cognitivo e motor (p = 0,001). Em situações de dupla tarefa, G2 e G3 apresentaram maiores dificuldades que os demais grupos (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Distúrbios pré-frontais repercutem negativamente nas atividades funcionais e na habilidade psicomotora dos indivíduos. Quando não vinculado a quadro demencial, os pacientes com DP apresentaram escores cognitivos pré-frontais e independência funcional semelhantes aos de idosos saudáveis

Search for stealth supersymmetry in events with jets, either photons or leptons, and low missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at 8 TeV

The results of a search for new physics in final states with jets, either photons or leptons, and low missing transverse momentum are reported. The study is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy root s = 8 TeV with the CMS detector in 2012. The integrated luminosity of the sample is 19.7 fb(-1). Many models of new physics predict the production of events with jets, electroweak gauge bosons, and little or no missing transverse momentum. Examples include stealth models of supersymmetry (SUSY), which predict a hidden sector at the electroweak energy scale in which SUSY is approximately conserved. The data are used to search for stealth SUSY signatures in final states with either two photons or an oppositely charged electron and muon. No excess is observed with respect to the standard model expectation, and the results are used to set limits on squark pair production in the stealth SUSY framework