A RETROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF BLOOD COAGULATIVE PARAMETERS PT, KPTT, PROTEIN C, AND ANTITHROMBIN III IN 95 PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE

Background: The liver is a crucial synthesis of blood coagulation factors and anticoagulative serine proteases such as protein C(PC) and antithrombin III (ATIII), which exerts a key role in the regulation of hemostatic balance. Activated protein C(APC) and protein S complex inactivate the activated factor Va and VIIIa, thus limiting Xa and thrombin formation. The excess protein S can drive cancer cellular proliferation and cell survival through oncogenic receptor Axl. In presence of heparin binding, antithrombin III (ATIII) and thrombin form an inactive complex in a 1:1 molar ratio. ATIII also inactivate factor IXa, Xa, XIa and XIIa at slow rate. In the setting of liver diseases, this reduced dysregulation can be attributed to decreased synthesis by the liver and increased consumption of coagulative factors and protein C and ATIII. Methods: In current study, using routine detection for the blood coagulative parameters in 75 patients with liver diseases. Results: The results showed that there exist one or three coagulative parameters PT, KPTT, and TT abnormal longer. Moreover, the abnormal intensity of coagulative parameters was associated to the severity of liver diseases. In our detection of 20 liver cirrhosis, the results showed significantly decreased plasma protein C antigen (PC:Ag 0.5501 vs 1.0578 µ/ml) and antithrombin III level (ATIII: Ag 21.8 vs 39.8 mg/dl, ATIII:C 40.25 vs 105.04%), respectively. Conclusions: The measurement of multidispillary analyses of coagulative and anticoagulative system protein C and ATIII level are helpful to monitoring the liver diseases and might play a predictable marker.                   Peer Review History: Received 13 September 2024;   Reviewed 20 November; Accepted 26 December; Available online 15 January 2025 Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected] Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/1

Medicines adaptive pathways to patients: Why, when, and how to engage?

Medicines Adaptive Pathways to Patients (MAPPs) seeks to foster access to novel beneficial treatments for the right patient groups at the earliest appropriate time in the product life‐span, in a sustainable fashion. We summarize the MAPPs engagement process and critical questions to be asked at each milestone of the product life‐span. These considerations are of relevance for regulatory and access pathways that strive to address the “evidence vs. access” conundrum

Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection

Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with a large heterogeneity of climates and massive mixing of the population. Almost the entire national territory is located between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Earth axial tilt to the south certainly makes Brazil one of the countries of the world with greater extent of land in proximity to the sun. The Brazilian coastline, where most of its population lives, is more than 8,500 km long. Due to geographic characteristics and cultural trends, Brazilians are among the peoples with the highest annual exposure to the sun. Epidemiological data show a continuing increase in the incidence of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers. Photoprotection can be understood as a set of measures aimed at reducing sun exposure and at preventing the development of acute and chronic actinic damage. Due to the peculiarities of Brazilian territory and culture, it would not be advisable to replicate the concepts of photoprotection from other developed countries, places with completely different climates and populations. Thus the Brazilian Society of Dermatology has developed the Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection, the first official document on photoprotection developed in Brazil for Brazilians, with recommendations on matters involving photoprotection

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF PLASMA PROTEIN C DETERMINATION

 Objective: Protein C, a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor, is involved in blood coagulation. Activated protein C inactivates Va and VIIIa and stimulates fibrinolysis. In this process, protein S serve as an important factor for activated protein C. Furthermore, excess protein S drives cancer cell proliferation and cell survival through oncogenic receptor Axl(Anexelekto). We determined ranges of protein C both in healthy individuals and distinct hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 100 patients with different diagnostic diseases and 50 healthy individuals were included in their plasma protein C determination. A rabbit antibody against human protein C was used for the quantitative estimation of plasma protein C antigen by using rocket immunoassay. Results: In healthy individuals protein C antigen (PC:Ag) ranges o.6439- 1.4752 µ/ml. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) of length of rocket was calculated to be 12.45%. PC:Ag within laboratory variation was 11.47%. Plasma protein C antigen was destroyed at 56℃ for 30 minutes, whereas no significant decrease of protein C was found at 4℃ refrigerator for one week. Conclusion:  The results showed that plasma protein C antigen was considerably high in 22 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, the PC:Ag was significantly decreased in 19 liver cirrhosis(p< 0.001) and was positively correlation with serum albumin levels(p< 0.05). In 20 acute leukemias, on the average,there was slightly lower values in PC:Ag, and accompanied with significant decrease of PC:Ag in 5 M5 subtype and in 9 hyper- leukocytes acute leukemias. However, the 3 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with overt laboratory picture of DIC(disseminated intravascular coagulation) had protein C concentration no lower than the remaining 2 patients with infectious DIC, which suggested the coagulopathy in APL might be due to mechanisms different from other forms of DIC.                     Peer Review History: Received 17 November  2020; Revised 12 Decembe; Accepted 1 January, Available online 15 January 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Idoko Alexander, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali,  Aleppo University, Syria, [email protected] Similar Articles: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF HEPCIDIN, IRON STATUS AND MICRO-INFLAMMATION MARKERS AMONG HAEMODIALYSIS COUMARIN ANALOGUES AS A POTENTIAL INHIBITOR OF LEISHMANIASIS: A MULTI-TARGETING PROTEIN INHIBITION APPROACH BY MOLECULAR DOCKING VITAMIN A, RETINOIC ACID AND TAMIBAROTENE, A FRONT TOWARD ITS ADVANCES: A REVIE