Active Child Models for Traffic Safety Research, Interim Report 1, October 2012

The project Active Child Models for Traffic Safety Research is funded by Folksams Forskningsstiftelse. The overall aim is to increase the safety of child car occupants and thereby reduce the number of traffic induced injuries in 3 to 12 year-old children. This will be done by creating a computer model of a child that includes active musculature. The model will be used to reproduce emergency manoeuvres with biofidelic response at low acceleration levels. Literature on child safety has been reviewed with a main focus on child numerical models. Very few child models exist and for most of them, their response is validated against Anthropometric Test Devices (ATDs) certification corridors and not paediatric data. Models of children and child sized ATDs are either finite element or multi body models. Finite element models are more likely to predict injuries and contacts, whereas multi body models can preferably be used to reproduce kinematics in long duration events like emergency manoeuvres. Because of this, it has thus been decided to first work with child multi body models in the MADYMO code (TASS, Rijswijk, the Netherlands). The models that will be studied are the 6 and 10 year-old child facet models and the Q6 and Hybrid III 6 year-old ATDs available in MADYMO as well as the 6 year-old pedestrian model previously developed by Jikuang Yang at Chalmers University of Technology. Simulation activities have been planned and the models’ responses will be analysed and compared with kinematics data of child volunteers in emergency manoeuvres and sled tests. Then, based on their performance, one model will be chosen to implement active musculature. Extra experimental data for tuning and validation of the model may be required. As a consequence, new experiments on child volunteers are planned, including the acquisition of muscular activity. The model response will be compared to those results. Based on the active child multi body model capability to reproduce pre-crash events, it will be discussed and decided in January 2013 whether to continue with a multi body model or start the same process with a finite element model. In the long term, the active child model will be used to reproduce both pre-crash and in-crash events and help understanding the protective principles of forward facing children and how they interact with current and future vehicle safety systems and child restraints

”Verksamhetsöar och överlämnandebroar” – En studie om pedagoger klarar av att kvalitetssäkra elevens lärandeprocess vid ett överlämnande

Förord Denna studie har vuxit fram under en intensiv men mycket givande och lärorik period. Studien har präglats av ett gott samarbete, kännetecknat av samarbetsförmåga, flexibilitet och härliga diskussioner. De hinder vi stött på under resans gång har ibland skapat frustration, men tack vare positiv energi, promenader, kaffe och choklad har inga hinder i världen kunnat hindra processen från att fortgå! Huvuddelen av arbetet har präglats av en gedigen och gemensam arbetsinsats som vi står för tillsammans. De områden där vi har delat upp arbetsbördan har varit att Jeanette ansvarat för metodavsnittet och Jonas ansvarat för granskning av myndighetsdokument. Vi har valt att vara inblandade i varandras arbete så mycket som möjligt för att få ett bra flyt och en röd tråd genom studien vilket grundar sig i vår avsikt att underlätta för läsaren. Vi vill tacka de berörda rektorer och pedagoger som med ett positivt bemötande ställt upp på intervjuer så att studien kunde genomföras. Tack också till vår handledare Pia, för kontinuerlig respons under skrivprocessen. Darinka vår klippa, utan din analytiska och skarpa förmåga att med ”oberoende glasögon” granska vårt arbete, hade processen tagit än mer på krafterna. Vi är dig många tack skyldig! Vi är fullt medvetna om att processen med examensarbetet har varit påfrestande även för familj och vänner och vill därmed rikta vårt tack för den stöttning vi fått, vilken på olika sätt uppmuntrat och bidragit till ett bättre resultat. Studien har fördjupat och breddat vår kunskap samt gett oss nya redskap för att möta elever i situationer likt den vi undersökt. Vi känner oss förberedda inför de överlämnandesituationer vi med sannolikhet kommer att beröras av i kommande yrkesliv, då vi båda avser att arbeta med barn i de lägre åldrarna. Jonas och Jeanette = = = O

Meta-dynamical adaptive systems and their applications to a fractal algorithm and a biological model

In this article, one defines two models of adaptive systems: the meta-dynamical adaptive system using the notion of Kalman dynamical systems and the adaptive differential equations using the notion of variable dimension spaces. This concept of variable dimension spaces relates the notion of spaces to the notion of dimensions. First, a computational model of the Douady's Rabbit fractal is obtained by using the meta-dynamical adaptive system concept. Then, we focus on a defense-attack biological model described by our two formalisms

Pengaruh Book Tax Differences terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba

This study aims to find empirical evidence about the influence of book-tax differences on the earnings growth. Population of this research manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2008-2012. Sampling is done by using purposive sampling method. Sample of this study is composed of 355 companies during the five years observation. This study used multiple linear regression analysis for testing the influence of independent variables on dependent variable. The results showed that temporary differences has significant effect on the earnings growth. Permanent differences has no significant effect on the earnings growth one period ahea

Distribution of periodic points of polynomial diffeomorphisms of C^2

This paper deals with the dynamics of a simple family of holomorphic diffeomorphisms of \C^2: the polynomial automorphisms. This family of maps has been studied by a number of authors. We refer to [BLS] for a general introduction to this class of dynamical systems. An interesting object from the point of view of potential theory is the equilibrium measure $\mu$ of the set $K$ of points with bounded orbits. In [BLS] $\mu$ is also characterized dynamically as the unique measure of maximal entropy. Thus $\mu$ is also an equilibrium measure from the point of view of the thermodynamical formalism. In the present paper we give another dynamical interpretation of $\mu$ as the limit distribution of the periodic points of $f$

The Julia sets and complex singularities in hierarchical Ising models

We study the analytical continuation in the complex plane of free energy of the Ising model on diamond-like hierarchical lattices. It is known that the singularities of free energy of this model lie on the Julia set of some rational endomorphism $f$ related to the action of the Migdal-Kadanoff renorm-group. We study the asymptotics of free energy when temperature goes along hyperbolic geodesics to the boundary of an attractive basin of $f$. We prove that for almost all (with respect to the harmonic measure) geodesics the complex critical exponent is common, and compute it

TINDAK PIDANA PORNOGRAFI MENURUT KUHP DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 44 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PORNOGRAFI

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana keberadaan Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 sebagai delik khusus tersebar di luar KUHP dan bagaimana Tindak Pidana Pornografi menurut KUHP di mana dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Objek pornografi menurut Undang-Undang Pornografi lebih luas dari pada objek menurut KUHP, karena termasuk gambar, sketsa, ilustrasi, foto,tulisan, suara, bunyi, gambar bergerak, animasi, kartun, percakapan, gerak tubuh, atau bentuk pesan lainnya melalui berbagai bentuk media komunikasi. Dalam objek pornografi mengandung dua sifat, yaitu pertama, isinya mengandung kecabulan dan eksploitasi seksual dan kedua melanggar norma kesusilaan, sementara KUHP hanya menyebut dengan melanggar kesusilaan. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Pornografi, pornografi harus mengandung isi kecabulan yang berbentuk suatu wujud, yaitu gambar, sketsa, ilustrasi, foto, tulisan, suara, bunyi, gambar bergerak, animasi, kartun, syair, percakapan. Tindak pidana pornografi dimuat dalam Pasal 29 sampai dengan Pasal 38 Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008,terdapat 33 tindak pidana pornografi yang dimuat dalam 10 pasal. 2. Objek pornografi menurut KUHP adalah tulisan, gambar dan termasuk benda sebagai alat untuk mencegah dan menggugurkan kehamilan, sebagaimana dicantumkan dalam jenis-jenis tindak pidana pornografi yaitu Pasal 282 sampai dengan Pasal 535 KUHP.Kata kunci: pornografi; kuhp

The hierarchy of Chinese grammar: A cross-sectional study of L2 Chinese within Processability Theory

Processability Theory (PT) is a well-established theoretical framework within the field of Second Language Acquisition, which describes the development of acquiring language as a process of acquiring procedural skills. The procedural skills are necessary for the learner being able to process different grammatical structures of the target language, and these are obtained by the learner through available input and the given learning device. The acquirement of procedural skills follows a hierarchy of grammatical processing procedures, an implicational pattern where each procedure is a prerequisite to the next. PT has been applied to many different languages, there among Chinese. Previous PT-studies concerning second language acquisition of Chinese have explored the developmental processes of English L1 speakers, but so far, no studies regarding the developmental processes of Swedish L1 speakers have been done within the framework of PT. Hence, the aim of the present work is to evaluate whether Swedish L1 speakers´ developmental process of acquiring certain Chinese grammatical morphemes and structures correspond to the developmental stages found in earlier studies regarding English-speaking learners. A cross-sectional research design consisting of two elicitation tasks was utilized. A total of 15 Swedish learners of Chinese with different language proficiency in the target language participated in the study. The collected data, consisting of the participants´ spontaneous speech production of the target language, was analyzed in the search for the emergence and the accuracy of using specific Chinese grammatical morphemes and structures. Results indicate that Swedish L1 learners follow the same developmental processes of learning certain Chinese grammar as found in previous studies regarding English L1 learners. However, suggestions of altering the locations of certain grammatical structures in the PT-hierarchies established by previous research are discussed