Site-wide templates for Internet sites

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).This paper presents the design and implementation of a system to maintain multiple site-wide templates for one website. The idea is to separate the core contents of a web page from the graphical elements making up the page header and footer. Our goal is to non-intrusively allow both programmers and graphics designers to work mostly independently, decreasing development time while increasing the reliability and easing maintenance of the templates. SWTM accomplishes most of these goals through a simple programmer's API, an object-based approach to building templates, and a stored repository of all objects previously created. Thus, even when the separation of tasks between programmer and graphics designer is not possible, the programmer need only solve each problem once, allowing the graphics designer to reuse initial work in future templates.by Michael Bryzek.M.Eng

Wetland Mitigation Performance Standards: The Intersection of Science, Practice, and Policy

Wetland ecosystem spatial extent and integrity have declined due to conversion to anthropogenic land uses. Wetland mitigation offsets the impact on wetlands encountered during development by restoring a previously degraded wetland or creating new wetlands. This activity creates an ecosystem service market where wetland impacts (debits) are offset by wetland restoration/creation (credits). Mitigation aims to replace functions provided by aquatic resources lost during development. Post-restoration monitoring criteria known as performance standards are used to evaluate and verify restored wetland functionality and regulate mitigation credit release. Therefore, performance standards are vital in ascertaining wetland restoration techniques and mitigation processes. In Chapter 1, I discuss considerations and perspectives of performance standards as a bridge between the management and ecological environments of wetland mitigation. In Chapter 2, I explore performance standards as part of the management environment. I evaluate differences among state performance standard strategies. While federal legislation is the primary driver for wetland mitigation, federal and state agencies regulate and oversee wetland mitigation programs. Using a mixed-method approach, I investigate the extent of state involvement in the performance standard determination process. In addition, I explore how performance standards differ among states. Using data from semi-structured interviews with state agency personnel and online database reviews, I rank states based on the inclusion of performance standard criteria in legislation: none (18), some (18), moderate (7), extensive (7). Through interviews, I discovered guidance documents play a prominent role in decision-making, with 35 states referencing guidance documents during this research study. I classified documents by authorship: state only (18) and federal and state (17). Next, I further classified guidance documents by type: general guidance (25), study/technical report (6), and template (4). In addition, I describe performance standards by type (abiotic, biotic, and administrative). Performance standard criteria were often ecological and abiotic (P = 0.3) and relied heavily on vegetative criteria. Collaboration and negotiation between agencies, legislation, and guidance documents influence performance standard determination. In Chapter 3, I investigate woody vegetation development post-restoration and discuss the potential of using woody vegetation as a performance standard. I conduct field sampling at 40 restored wetlands that vary in the time since restoration from 1 to 29 years. I assess woody vegetation community metrics and stem diameter sizes along the chronosequence gradient and among three West Virginian ecoregions. I tallied 15,785 individuals from 60 species and 25 families during growing season sampling in 2021. I found native species richness declined as wetland site age increased (P = 0.042). Oppositely, I discovered that stem area at groundline (SAG), a basal area metric, increased with wetland age (P \u3c 0.001). However, linear regression model assumptions were not met. I fit a transformed model that shows log(SAG) increases with wetland age (R2 = 0.31, P \u3c 0.001). Every year after restoration, the absolute log(SAG) increases by 0.110 when considering both volunteer and planted woody vegetation. All sites, regardless of age, were dominated by small-diameter stems, with only the frequency of stems ≥ 9.1 cm increasing with wetland age (P = 0.008). In addition, I investigated differences in woody vegetation sampling results between growing (May – September) and dormant (November – December) seasons. There were no differences in species richness, stem density, or SAG between the two sampling seasons, suggesting that woody vegetation sampling can occur regardless of the season. My results demonstrate woody vegetation may take two decades to develop post-restoration. In conclusion, this research investigates performance standards from two perspectives. Chapter 2 presents performance standards as a synthesis of expectations from regulatory stakeholders. Chapter 3 indicates that diverse ecological conditions exist in restored wetlands, differing from management expectations which assume predictable ecological development post-restoration. Overall, wetland regulators and managers should consider this balanced perspective when implementing performance standards as measures of wetland development

O błędach translatorskich Macieja Maleńczuka (na materiale wybranych utworów Włodzimierza Wysockiego)

This article attempts to analyze translational errors observed in Polish translational of Vladimir Vysotsky’s selected works by Maciej Maleńczuk. These pieces were included on the musician’s 2011 music album, under the title Wysocki Maleńczuka. Analyzing the material I tried to indicate the reasons for the errors and their consequences for the reception of discussed works

Między Moskwą a Odessą : o polskich tłumaczeniach utworu Włodzimierza Wysockiego "Moskva - Odessa".

The following paper constitutes the analysis of three translations of the song “Moskwa-Odessa”, written by three different translators – Wojciech Młynarski, Henryk Rejmer and Maciej Maleńczuk. In the analysis attention was paid to translation transformations and also there was particular focus on the influence they have on text reception

Immunological aspects of heat shock protein functions and their significance in the development of cancer vaccines

The primary function of intracellular heat shock proteins (HSPs) is to protect the cell by suppressing the effects of va­rious stress factors by either refolding misfolded proteins or blocking apoptosis. After neoplastic transformation, cells overexpress HSPs, which act as factors promoting the neoplastic process by stabilizing proteins responsible for carci­nogenesis, however, HSPs can be released into the extracellular environment where they act as important modulators of the immune response. In a tumor microenvironment, extracellular HSPs are able to induce a pro- or anti-neoplastic response, using various mechanisms of affecting immune cells, The study of the role of extracellular HSPs in immuno­modulation processes is a very important direction in the search for new methods of cancer treatment. This review summarizes reports on the use of HSPs in immunotherapeutic cancer strategies, in particular in cancer vaccine design

Od redaktorów

W niniejszej monografii prezentujemy prace studentów, którzy uczestniczyli w organizowanej cyklicznie konferencji naukowej „Przestrzenie przekładu”. Problematyka związana z funkcjonowaniem i recepcją tekstów tłumaczonych okazała się dla młodych naukowców wyjątkowo atrakcyjnym obszarem badawczym. I nic w tym dziwnego, bowiem obecne tendencje rozwoju humanistyki otwierają nowe perspektywy również przed badaniami przekładoznawczymi (Fragment tekstu)