Infrared spectroscopy for the determination of hydrocarbon types in jet fuels

The concentration of hydrocarbon types in conventional jet fuels and synfuels can be measured using a computerized infrared spectrophotometer. The computerized spectrophotometer is calibrated using a fuel of known aromatic and olefinic content. Once calibration is completed, other fuels can be rapidly analyzed using an analytical program built into the computer. The concentration of saturates can be calculated as 100 percent minus the sum of the aromatic and olefinic concentrations. The analysis of a number of jet fuels produced an average standard deviation of 1.76 percent for aromatic types and one of 3.99 percent for olefinic types. Other substances such as oils and organic mixtures can be analyzed for their hydrocarbon content

New Planar and Volume Versions of a Metamaterial

Some characteristics of materials with negative permittivity and permeability, i.e., with a negative refrative index, known as metamaterials, are presented in this paper. Dispersion characteristics of left-handed parallel strips calculated by different methods are compared with each other. The calculated and measured dispersion and transmission characteristics of a newly proposed left-handed coplanar waveguide and of a novel volume metmaterial are shown. Simple equivalent circuits of both structures are presented together with elements values. The structures exhibit a negative refractive index in a wide frequency band

Reflection from a Gold Sputtered Thin Layer

This paper presents the results of an investigation of a thin layer of gold sputtered on a dielectric foil. This layer is modeled by nanometer-scale spherical particles that are separated at short deposition times and later touch each other, forming a continuous layer. Four ways of analyzing the structure are introduced. The first method describes the spheres by their electric dipole moment, while the second, newly proposed method, takes into account the capacity between adjacent spheres, and the third method assumes the layer as homogeneous and considers its reduced conductivity due to the behavior of electrons in thin films. The CST microwave studio model, which takes into account the random distribution of particles, offers the reflection coefficient that best fits measured data

New Bulk Metamaterial

The design, analysis, fabrication and measurement of a new bulk metamaterial is reported in this paper. The structure of the new medium is made up of left-handed parallel strips. The series capacitors are realized by short circuited parallel strip stubs, and the conducting shunt pins represent parallel inductors. This metamaterial allows the propagation of a left-handed wave in the frequency band from 4.75 to 5.65 GHz, much wider than the frequency band achievable by split-ring resonators. The simple equivalent circuit of the metamaterial is derived. Additional modification of the media structure is proposed

Estrategia para la recuperación hidráulica del río Sevilla entre las abscisas k7+951.94 y k17+086.63 (desde la C.G.S.M), como aporte al restablecimiento de la dinámica hidrológica de la ciénaga grande de Santa Marta

Gestión Integral del Recurso HídricoSe parte del análisis actual del sector a intervenir del río mirando sus características hidrológicas, hidráulicas y ambientales desde los sectores y municipios cercanos al cual influyen la sección del río y la ciénaga definiendo la intervención sobre el cuerpo de agua que permita aportar el agua adulce al Complejo Lagunar.1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. MARCOS DE REFERENCIA 3. METODOLOGÍA 4. RESULTADOS 5. DESCRIPCIÓN TÉCNICA DE LA ESTRATÉGIA DE INTERVENCIÓN 6. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSEspecializaciónEspecialista en Recursos Hídrico

The Theme of Alienation in Some Tales of D. H. Lawrence

An examination of the theme of alienation in the selected tales of D. H. Lawrence. The thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first section this theme is treated with specific regard to militarism which is linked with each of the tales. In the second section the theme is examined and focused in its relation to death as it confronts the chief protagonists. The concluding chapter moves to a consideration of this theme in Lawrence's later work.Master of Arts (MA

Ultrasonic flaw detection

An ultrasonic microscope was designed and constructed to detect surface flaw defects on materials which contain natural discontinuities. The application of this flaw detection system to via-fill defects of single layer multiple layer ceramic substrates was considered. The microscope was evaluated for its depth sensitivity and resolution capabilities. The results of the experiment are that the ultrasonic system has repeatable depth sensitivities of better than ten microns, and resolution capabilities on the order of 3.3 cycles per millimeter. The application of the flaw detector to ceramic substrate via-fill defect inspection was verified

The barriers and enabling factors to public health advocacy skills in Kentucky local health departments.

Background: One of the core functions of public health is to develop policies that support community and individual health. There are many historic examples in which public health practitioners have advocated successfully for policies that ultimately protected and improved populations\u27 health. Prior research suggests that local health departments are not fully engaged in health policy advocacy, thereby missing opportunities to more effectively solve public health problems. Objective: To identify the barriers and enabling factors to advocacy in Kentucky local health departments. Methods: Kentucky health policymakers and advocates were interviewed to determine which advocacy skills were effective and appropriate for use by local health department directors. Interviews were then conducted with 18 directors representing a diversity of health departments from across the Commonwealth. The interviews identified which advocacy skills local health departments employed and the conditions that assisted or inhibited these skills. Results: The advocacy skills identified by policymakers were: research and analysis, coalition building, educating policymakers and solutions identification. Advocates agreed that research and analysis, coalitions and educating policymakers were effective. Additionally, they added lobbying and educating the public as important skills. The directors reported that the most often-used skills were: public education, research and analysis, coalition building, stakeholder engagement and educating policymakers. Based on analysis of the transcripts, the enabling factors for this advocacy were: a supportive governing body, a director with vision for the community and the organization, public health member organizations that advocated for specific policies and community partners and adequate funding for advocacy. Barriers were: a lack of support from a governing body, community attitudes regarding the role of public health, a director\u27s lack of clarity about lobbying and advocacy, as well as the director\u27s personality and priorities for the organization. Community partners opposed to certain public health issues also posed barriers. Conclusions: Advocacy skills are employed in Kentucky local health departments, however barriers and enabling factors appear to exist. Steps can be taken to attempt to overcome the barriers, and the enabling factors can be communicated as models. Additional research can be conducted to verify these findings

A Comparison of Perceptions of Students, Parents and School Personnel Regarding Bullying Behavior

A COMPARISON OF PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS, PARENTS AND SCHOOL PERSONNEL REGARDING BULLYING BEHAVIOR Joan Buchar July 2, 2004 52 Pages Directed by: Richard W. Wilson, J. David Dunn, Lisa L. Lindley Department of Public Health Western Kentucky University Bullying in America\u27s schools is a problem that is, at best, a nuisance and at worst, the suspected cause of school shootings. Bullying is a persistent, physical or psychological abuse of power. It takes many forms from physical assault and name calling to shunning, ridicule or exclusion. The victims are usually powerless to change conditions and often bullying is ignored or dismissed as a rite of passage . However, serious lifelong results can be experienced by bullies and victims. Victims can suffer from depression and suicidal tendencies; bullies can be at risk for commission of criminal offenses. In order to prevent, reduce or stop bullying in a school, school personnel need to collaborate with families and students to understand the problem and find a solution to it. In this study, students, parents and school personnel were surveyed regarding the perceptions of whether and what types of bullying behaviors occurred at a small, predominately low-income, public elementary school in western Kentucky during the 2002-2003 school year. Responses were also elicited regarding attitudes toward bullying, bullies and victims. The surveys were administered to third, fourth and fifth grade students. Parent and school surveys were returned voluntarily and all responses were anonymous. A chi square test for homogeneity of populations was administered and results reported. Students and teachers reported more bullying occurrences than did the parents. Additionally, school officials believed they did better job handling bullying events than did the parents or students. Finally, students\u27 attitudes toward bullies, bullying and victims differed significantly from both the school officials and the parents

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS JENIS MAKROZOOBENTHOS DI SUNGAI DAN BEBERAPA ANAK SUNGAI KALI MANGKATIP DESA DADAHUP KABUPATEN KAPUAS KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas jenis makrozoobenthos dan karakteristik parameter kualitas air yang ada di Sungai dan anak Sungai Kali Mangkatip. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan 12 jenis makrozoobenthos dengan komposisi 2 jenis (16,7 %) dari filum Annelida dan 10 jenis (83,3 %) dari filum Uniramia. Komposisi jumlah individu dalam tiap jenis paling banyak diisi oleh Chironomus sp. dan Procladius sp. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman  rata-rata 1,614 tergolong dalam kategori keanekaragaman jenis sedang, nilai indeks keseragaman rata-rata 0,687 tergolong dalam kategori keseragaman tinggi dan nilai indeks dominasi rata-rata 0,456 tergolong dalam kategori sedang. Kondisi parameter kualitas air menunjukkan nilai suhu dan kedalaman masih sesuai bagi organisme akuatik. Nilai pH relatif rendah, namun nilai tersebut masih sesuai untuk perairan yang dipengaruhi oleh ekosistem rawa gambut karena sesuai dengan kondisi alamiahnya. Nilai kekeruhan dan amoniak masih tergolong sesuai pada hampir semua stasiun kecuali pada stasiun 1 dan 3.  Nilai DO di setiap stasiun relatif rendah < 3 mg/l kecuali pada stasiun 3 dan 8. Sedangkan untuk tipe sedimen atau substrat di lokasi penelitian lebih didominasi oleh substrat lumpur berpasir