Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanin and phenolic compounds from purple sweet potato using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology was used to optimize experimental conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of valuable components (anthocyanins and phenolics) from purple sweet potatoes using water as a solvent. The Box-Behnken design was used for optimizing extraction responses of anthocyanin extraction yield, phenolic extraction yield, and specific energy consumption. Conditions to obtain maximal anthocyanin extraction yield, maximal phenolic extraction yield, and minimal specific energy consumption were different; an overall desirability function was used to search for overall optimal conditions: extraction temperature of 68C, ultrasonic treatment time of 52 min, and a liquid/solid ratio of 20. The optimized anthocyanin extraction yield, phenolic extraction yield, and specific energy consumption were 4.91 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight, 3.24 mg g-1 fresh weight, and 2.07 kWh g-1, respectively, with a desirability of 0.99. This study indicates that ultrasound-assisted extraction should contribute to a green process for valorization of purple sweet potatoes

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Urbanes Zusammenleben als Konstruktion

"Stadtforschung ist unentrinnbar in den common sense verstrickt" lautet die Ausgangsthese des vorliegenden Beitrags. Dies wird problematisch, wenn dieser common sense den praktischen Alltagserfahrungen hinterherhinkt oder einseitig nur von gouvernementalen Erwartungen bestimmt wird. Im deutschsprachigen Raum ist dies besonders dann der Fall, wenn es sich um Quartiere handelt, die von globalgesellschaftlicher Vielfalt geprägt sind. Besonders in solchen Fällen leitet einen der common sense schnell in eine falsche Richtung und verfehlt die Alltagspraxis. Der Autor zeigt damit im Sinne des sozialen Konstruktivismus, dass Phänomene erst im Kontext komplexer Deutungsströme bzw. entsprechender Diskurse Bedeutung gewinnen. Sie betten ein Phänomen ein und "erwecken es zum Leben". Was in einer Stadt "der Fall ist", wird erst in einem hochdifferenzierten "Spiel" zwischen einem Beobachter und den jeweils für relevant gehaltenen Kontexten klar. Mit anderen Worten, die Stadt besteht aus einem komplexen und vielstimmigen Diskurs, der je nach der Situation in ihren jeweils für relevant gehaltenen oder hegemonial durchgesetzten Kontexten heraufgeführt und realisiert wird. Der Autor resümiert: "Man braucht kein Konstruktivist zu sein, um angesichts der sich in der konkreten Situation bietenden Kontingenz konstruktivistischen Überlegungen zu verfallen." (ICA2

Thin film deposition of arsenic free pnictide superconductors

The aim of this work is the thin film deposition of arsenic free pnictide superconductor by reactive molecular beam epitaxy (r-MBE). Starting from the so-called '1111'-phase, it is attempted to deposit LaNiBiO1-x on MgO substrates. The deposited polycrystalline films are characterized by X-ray diffraction and four-point resistivity measurement, phase pure, single crystal layers are, however, not realized due to the required oxidation conditions. Therefore, the focus is placed on oxygen-free layers and it is a so-called '122'-phase, La1-xNi2Bi2 deposited. During the process parameters optimization of this phase, the so-called '112'-phase, LaNi1 XBi2, is discovered. The procedure of the process parameters optimization for the deposition of the new pahse is described in detail. The single-crystal, epitaxial layers are analyzed using X-ray diffractometer, four-point resistivity measurement and SQUID magnetometer. The layers are superconducting below 4K. The influence of the Ni and the Bi content is examined. In addition the La is substituted by Ce, which results in an increase of superconducting transition temperature. Here, too, the influence of the Ni and Bi content is examined

High Pressure Processing Applications in Plant Foods

High pressure processing (HPP) is a cold pasteurization technology by which products, prepacked in their final package, are introduced to a vessel and subjected to a high level of isostatic pressure (300–600 MPa). High-pressure treatment of fruit, vegetable and fresh herb homogenate products offers us nearly fresh products in regard to sensorial and nutritional quality of original raw materials, representing relatively stable and safe source of nutrients, vitamins, minerals and health effective components. Such components can play an important role as a preventive tool against the start of illnesses, namely in the elderly. An overview of several food HPP products, namely of fruit and vegetable origin, marketed successfully around the world is presented. Effects of HPP and HPP plus heat on key spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, including the resistant spore form and fruit/vegetable endogenous enzymes are reviewed, including the effect on the product quality. Part of the paper is devoted to the industrial equipment available for factories manufacturing HPP treated productsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Non-thermal processing effects on fruits and vegetables phytonutrients

The health‐promoting effects of many phytonutrients are attributed mainly to their antioxidant activity, although there may be other modes of action. The demand for high quality food with high phytonutrients content is attracting a lot of attention, as it provides health benefits and has been shown to possess antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antitumor effects. To maintain food quality at the highest possible levels, there is a need to develop novel processing techniques such as non‐thermal processing. This chapter discusses novel non‐thermal processing techniques, including ultraviolet radiation, high pressure processing (HPP), dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD), ultrasound processing, and pulsed electric field (PEF). The application of HPP and its effects on quality attributes, specific to the phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables. High pressure offers a technology that can achieve the food safety properties of heat‐treated foods while meeting consumer demand for fresher tasting food products

Influence of the functionalisation of mesoporous silica material UVM-7 on polyphenol oxidase enzyme capture and enzymatic browning

The authors are grateful to the Spanish Government (Projects RTI2018-100910-B-C44 and MAT2015-64139-C4-1) and the Generalitat Valencia (Project PROMETEO/2018/024) for supportMuñoz-Pina, S.; Ros-Lis, JV.; Argüelles Foix, AL.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Andrés Grau, AM. (2020). Influence of the functionalisation of mesoporous silica material UVM-7 on polyphenol oxidase enzyme capture and enzymatic browning. Food Chemistry. 310:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125741S1831

Critical Review of Norovirus Surrogates in Food Safety Research: Rationale for Considering Volunteer Studies

The inability to propagate human norovirus (NoV) or to clearly differentiate infectious from noninfectious virus particles has led to the use of surrogate viruses, like feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus-1 (MNV), which are propagatable in cell culture. The use of surrogates is predicated on the assumption that they generally mimic the viruses they represent; however, studies are proving this concept invalid. In direct comparisons between FCV and MNV, their susceptibility to temperatures, environmental and food processing conditions, and disinfectants are dramatically different. Differences have also been noted between the inactivation of NoV and its surrogates, thus questioning the validity of surrogates. Considerable research funding is provided globally each year to conduct surrogate studies on NoVs; however, there is little demonstrated benefit derived from these studies in regard to the development of virus inactivation techniques or food processing strategies. Human challenge studies are needed to determine which processing techniques are effective in reducing NoVs in foods. A major obstacle to clinical trials on NoVs is the perception that such trials are too costly and risky, but in reality, there is far more cost and risk in allowing millions of unsuspecting consumers to contract NoV illness each year, when practical interventions are only a few volunteer studies away. A number of clinical trials have been conducted, providing important insights into NoV inactivation. A shift in research priorities from surrogate research to volunteer studies is essential if we are to identify realistic, practical, and scientifically valid processing approaches to improve food safety