Intracranial Stents Past, Present and the Future Trend: Stents Made with Nano-particle or Nanocomposite Biomaterials

Stroke or cerebral vascular accidents are among the leading causes of death in the world. With the availability of Digital Subtraction Angiography, transluminal angioplasty has become feasible in many situations and the role of intracranial stents is becoming ever more important in the management of cerebral vascular diseases. In current review, we outline the chronological development of various stents namely; balloon expandable stent, self-expandable open cell stent, self-expandable close cell stent and the flow diverting stent. Further we discuss their advantages and limitations in terms of stent migration, thromboemboli, damage to vessels during procedure, in-stent stenosis and hyper-perfusion damage. We also discuss the importance of in-situ endothelialization, controlled expandability and hemodynamic manipulation in stent design. Further, we summarized the role and need for further development in the areas of bio-compatible materials, endothelial progenitor cell capture technique, bio-functionalized-magnetic-nano-particles and nanotechnology which are significant in intracranial stent development

Expression system of CotA-laccase for directed evolution and high-throughput screenings for the oxidation of high-redox potential dyes

Laccases are useful biocatalysts for many diverse biotechnological applications. In this study we have established efficient and reliable expression systems and high-throughput screenings for the recombinant CotA-laccase from Bacillus subtilis. The expression levels of cotA-laccase were compared in five different Escherichia coli host strains growing in 96-well microtiter plates under different culture conditions. Lower coefficients of variance (around 15%) were achieved using crude cell lysates of BL21 and KRX host strains growing under microaerobic conditions. Reproducible high-throughput screenings for the decolorization of high redox potential azo and anthraquinonic dyes were developed and optimized for identification of variants with increased redox potential. The enzymatic assays developed were tested for the screening of one mutant library from CotA-laccase created by error-prone PCR.(undefined

A subset of NSAIDs lower amyloidogenic Aβ42 independently of cyclooxygenase activity

Epidemiological studies have documented a reduced prevalence of Alzheimer's disease among users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It has been proposed that NSAIDs exert their beneficial effects in part by reducing neurotoxic inflammatory responses in the brain, although this mechanism has not been proved. Here we report that the NSAIDs ibuprofen, indomethacin and sulindac sulphide preferentially decrease the highly amyloidogenic Aβ42 peptide (the 42-residue isoform of the amyloid-β peptide) produced from a variety of cultured cells by as much as 80%. This effect was not seen in all NSAIDs and seems not to be mediated by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, the principal pharmacological target of NSAIDs. Furthermore, short-term administration of ibuprofen to mice that produce mutant β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) lowered their brain levels of Aβ42. In cultured cells, the decrease in Aβ42 secretion was accompanied by an increase in the Aβ(1–38) isoform, indicating that NSAIDs subtly alter γ-secretase activity without significantly perturbing other APP processing pathways or Notch cleavage. Our findings suggest that NSAIDs directly affect amyloid pathology in the brain by reducing Aβ42 peptide levels independently of COX activity and that this Aβ42-lowering activity could be optimized to selectively target the pathogenic Aβ42 species

Carnicaproefstand De Welle

De Carnicavereniging Oost-Nederland spant zich in voor de verspreiding van de 'zachtaardige' carnicabij in Nederland door koninginnenteelt, selectie en testen van volken, op basis van raszuiver Duits uitgangsmateriaal. In een tabel de honingproductie in 2000 en waardering van de eigenschappen van de stamvolken van vier Duitse moere

Prediction of photoperiodic regulators from quantitative gene circuit models

Photoperiod sensors allow physiological adaptation to the changing seasons. The external coincidence hypothesis postulates that a light-responsive regulator is modulated by a circadian rhythm. Sufficient data are available to test this quantitatively in plants, though not yet in animals. In Arabidopsis, the clock-regulated genes CONSTANS (CO) and FLAVIN, KELCH, F-BOX (FKF1) and their lightsensitive proteins are thought to form an external coincidence sensor. We use 40 timeseries of molecular data to model the integration of light and timing information by CO, its target gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and the circadian clock. Among other predictions, the models show that FKF1 activates FT. We demonstrate experimentally that this effect is independent of the known activation of CO by FKF1, thus we locate a major, novel controller of photoperiodism. External coincidence is part of a complex photoperiod sensor: modelling makes this complexity explicit and may thus contribute to crop improvement

Pass Me Not, O Gentle Saviour

Title Onlyhttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/7866/thumbnail.jp