The self-organizing radio networks and ultra wide band signals

The paper proposes to use impulse radio ultra wide band signals in self-organizing ad hoc and MANET networks to solve multiple access and widen networks coverage area problems. New methods of signals reception and information capacity increasing are proposed

Increase of informative capacity of ultra wide band impulse signals

It is common to think that impulse radio ultra band signals (IR-UWB) in communication systems can carry the information at very high rates. But each impulse of the signal can carry just one bit of information. In radio networks it is necessary to add destination address to every information unit. The best way for each subscriber is use series of impulses mutually orthogonal to the rest of series in the network. But the orthogonality means long multi impulse series with low density of impulses to make time domain space transparent. As a result, data transmission rates become much less than expected. To increase data rates in radio networks modulation of each impulse by amplitude, duration and polarity in the series is proposed. Examples of transmitter and receiver are presented. As a result, informative loading on signals increases manifold, compensating or neutralizing losses, related to the transmission of symbols by impulse sequences

Optimal paths on the road network as directed polymers

We analyze the statistics of the shortest and fastest paths on the road network between randomly sampled end points. To a good approximation, these optimal paths are found to be directed in that their lengths (at large scales) are linearly proportional to the absolute distance between them. This motivates comparisons to universal features of directed polymers in random media. There are similarities in scalings of fluctuations in length/time and transverse wanderings, but also important distinctions in the scaling exponents, likely due to long-range correlations in geographic and man-made features. At short scales the optimal paths are not directed due to circuitous excursions governed by a fat-tailed (power-law) probability distribution.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

Impulse ultra-wideband signal relaying in ad hoc radio networks

A method of impulse ultra-wideband signals relaying in ad hoc radio networks is described. As the relaying signals a group of chipsets is used to represent various minimal information units. A system of markers is introduced to unambiguous determine the relaying routes. The chipset representation of transmitted signals reduces the delays coursed by multistep relaying and increases the data transfer rate

Statistics of the dissipated energy in driven single-electron transitions

We analyze the distribution of heat generated in driven single-electron transitions and discuss the related non-equilibrium work theorems. In the adiabatic limit, the heat distribution is shown to become Gaussian, with the heat noise that, in spite of thermal fluctuations, vanishes together with the average dissipated energy. We show that the transitions satisfy Jarzynski equality for arbitrary drive and calculate the probability of the negative heat values. We also derive a general condition on the heat distribution that generalizes the Bochkov-Kuzovlev equality and connects it to the Jarzynski equality.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Large deviations in boundary-driven systems: Numerical evaluation and effective large-scale behavior

We study rare events in systems of diffusive fields driven out of equilibrium by the boundaries. We present a numerical technique and use it to calculate the probabilities of rare events in one and two dimensions. Using this technique, we show that the probability density of a slowly varying configuration can be captured with a small number of long wave-length modes. For a configuration which varies rapidly in space this description can be complemented by a local equilibrium assumption

A note on the violation of the Einstein relation in a driven moderately dense granular gas

The Einstein relation for a driven moderately dense granular gas in $d$-dimensions is analyzed in the context of the Enskog kinetic equation. The Enskog equation neglects velocity correlations but retains spatial correlations arising from volume exclusion effects. As expected, there is a breakdown of the Einstein relation $\epsilon=D/(T_0\mu)\neq 1$ relating diffusion $D$ and mobility $\mu$, $T_0$ being the temperature of the impurity. The kinetic theory results also show that the violation of the Einstein relation is only due to the strong non-Maxwellian behavior of the reference state of the impurity particles. The deviation of $\epsilon$ from unity becomes more significant as the solid volume fraction and the inelasticity increase, especially when the system is driven by the action of a Gaussian thermostat. This conclusion qualitatively agrees with some recent simulations of dense gases [Puglisi {\em et al.}, 2007 {\em J. Stat. Mech.} P08016], although the deviations observed in computer simulations are more important than those obtained here from the Enskog kinetic theory. Possible reasons for the quantitative discrepancies between theory and simulations are discussed.Comment: 6 figure

Direct Observation of a Fractional Charge

We performed measurements of Quantum Shot Noise in order to determine the quasiparticle charge in the Fractional Quantum Hall regime. The noise is generated by a current flow through a partially transmitting Quantum Point Contact in a 2DEG. The noise is directly proportional to the charge of the quasiparticles, thus allowing direct determination of the charge. We measured Quantum Shot Noise at a filling factor of 1/3 and found that the charge is e/3; as predicted by Laughlin.Comment: 3 pages, PostScript, 4 figures. Submitted to Natur

Methods of estimation of dissipative properties of steels at low temperatures

Use of the methodology of multifractal parameterization of structures, for conducting an estimate of habits of change in micromechanisms of shattering of steel at different temperatures of the testings, reflecting to dynamic loudspeaker of the latent dissipative processes. This method allows to present quantitatively not only an over-all configuration of structure for actual natural materials, but also inhomogeneity of allocation geometrical, physical, chemical, etc. characteristics, according to the nature of investigated structure that cannot be reached ordinary methods