Puzzling It Out: The Current State of Scientific Knowledge on Pre-Kindergarten Effects - A Consensus Statement

Scientific research has established that if all children are to achieve their developmental potential, it is important to lay the foundation during the earliest years for lifelong health, learning, and positive behavior. A central question is how well our public pre-kindergarten (pre-K) programs are doing to build this foundation.Forty-two states and the District of Columbia, through 57 pre-K programs, have introduced substantial innovations in their early education systems by developing the infrastructure, program sites, and workforce required to accommodate pre-K education. These programs now serve nearly 30 percent of the nation's 4-year-olds and 5 percent of 3-year-olds

Working Mothers - What Effect on Children?

The number of working women, and particularly working mothers, has been steadily increasing. How does employment of mothers affect their children? Here are the results of a recent study on this timely problem

What Do Children Think of Their Parents?

Parents may not be so bad, after all, according to the answers of 730 boys and girls asked about some of their ideas about their parents. But the answers point to some possible weak spots from the youngsters\u27 point of view

Does Early Dating Lead to School-Age Marriage?

Parents of high school students know that marriage among school-age students is more frequent now than one or more decades ago. The percentage of students who marry before graduation is still relatively small but has been consistently increasing. We outlined the over-all picture on this increase in the June 1958 issue of IOWA FARM SCIENCE ( see What About School-Age Marriages? or reprint FS-761)

How Do Farm Families Adjust to City Life?

The over-all trends of rural and urban population changes are well known, but what of the individual families who move from farms to urban areas? A preliminary study of the situation in one Iowa city provides some clues

Factors related to employment of wives in a rural Iowa county

A greater proportion of married women are now in the labor force than at any previous time. However, research on relationships between the employment status of wives and family- and social-relationship variables has begun only recently. Furthermore, most of the research on family and community correlates of employment of wives has been limited to urban samples. This report is based on a sample of 111 farm and 175 non-farm families living in Greene County, Iowa. The data from these families should contribute to the understanding of factors related to employment of wives from rural and small town families. Two problems were investigated: ( 1) What factors are related to the employment decisions of wives? (2) What relationships exist between the employment of wives and selected family- and social-relationship variables? Employment decisions were studied in relation to three periods of employment: premarital employment, continuation of employment after marriage and employment during the past year

How Successful Are School-Age Marriages?

This article summarizes the results of a study of the success of a number of school-age marriages. The results indicate that, though some couples are prepared and ready for early marriage, aat least as many are not

What Adds Up To Being: The Work of Tanna Burchinal

My practice takes form around embodied experience. I affect signifiers of the human body within the ordered grid, the scientific text, and the logic of the machine, to highlight the interdependencies of physical bodies and those social constructs that produce and influence identity. We are a part of these constructs that both extend and limit; we are enacting and interacting with them. I do not aim to eradicate these structures of power (without them, our identities are in chaos). Instead, I point out the pitfalls of these constructs that are perceived as unchanging, by making interaction and experience integral to the experience of my works. I seek to break down the boundaries between the viewer and work. I aim to not only show that corporeal being does not encompass all that we are, but also to question our placement and authority within social contexts. I make artwork dependent on interaction, in the works Salt and Grid; I give the audience an agency to act within or upon the work to highlight their connection and potential disruption to neutrality and order. Untitled is a personal staged performance. With Removing Oneself from the Body, I challenged the logic of self by dissecting a scientific context and thus separating it from the signifier of self. In #39854 and The Machine has Empathy, I have taken into consideration how the audience both encounters, and is encountered by the work through sound and material. The audience and the machine are driving a new subject that emerged from within the text by the “I”s. In every instance I have explored how identity is lost, changed, and built from contexts that are resistant to the physical body. I contend that showing an art object as a concrete fixed point, or in an unchanging state, is problematic because this is inaccurate. The contexts I adopt carry powers that are very rarely seen as transformative, impermanent, or flawed. I am uncomfortable with the division between permanence and ephemerality. I reject how the body is seen as this prehistoric thing and is excluded from these economies. That is why I place them together fusing the corporeal with logic until the contexts shift to accommodate for human interaction. I use corporeal markers differently than I affect cold and clinical contexts. I recognize I have biases, and I take responsibility for the elements I adopt, including my suspicions of physical constructs that read as permanent and hierarchies that seem to exclude or define bodies, even though these constructs are in fact plastic. The audience should be inside of the work, but also affecting it, understanding of its power and their placement in it to better question and reconsider what adds up to being

Who Are Our Future Farm Homemakers?

A young woman\u27s future in our society depends a lot on the man she marries and his choice of a career and location. We found the plans of farm girls less definite than those of farm boys, but there are still some implications