Rescue of myeloid lineage-committed preprogenitor cells from cytomegalovirus-infected bone marrow stroma

The effect of murine cytomegalovirus on myelopoiesis was studied in long-term bone marrow culture to find an in vitro correlate for the lethal virus interference with bone marrow reconstitution (W. Mutter, M. J. Reddehase, F. W. Busch, H.-J. Bühring, and U. H. Koszinowski, J. Exp. Med. 167:1645-1658, 1988). The in vitro generation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (CFU-GM) discontinued after infection of the stromal cell layer, whereas the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-GM to granulocyte-monocyte colonies remained unaffected. A protocol was established to probe the functional integrity of earlier hematopoietic cells. Pre-CFU-GM (the progenitors of the CFU-GM) could be recovered from an infected bone marrow donor culture by transfer onto an inductive recipient stromal cell layer. Thus, at least in vitro, infection of bone marrow stroma appears to be the only cause of the defect in myelopoiesis

Failure in generating hemopoietic stem cells is the primary cause of death from cytomegalovirus disease in the immunocompromised host

We have shown in a murine model system for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in the immunocompromised host that CMV infection interferes with the earliest detectable step in hemopoiesis, the generation of the stem cell CFU-S-I, and thereby prevents the autoreconstitution of bone marrow after sublethal irradiation. The antihemopoietic effect could not be ascribed to a direct infection of stem cells. The failure in hemopoiesis was prevented by adoptive transfer of antiviral CD8+ T lymphocytes and could be overcome by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. CD8+ T lymphocytes and bone marrow cells both mediated survival, although only CD8+ T lymphocytes were able to limit virus multiplication in host tissues. We concluded that not the cytopathic effect of virus replication in host tissues, but the failure in hemopoiesis, is the primary cause of death in murine CMV disease

Zielkonflikt beim Lebensmitteleinkauf: Konventionell regional, ökologisch regional oder ökologisch aus entfernteren Regionen

Ziel des vorliegenden Forschungsprojekts war die Erhebung empirischer Daten zum Wahlverhalten von Konsumenten, die sich beim Einkauf zwischen konventionellen Lebensmitteln aus der Region und Öko-Lebensmitteln aus verschiedenen Herkünften entscheiden können. Dazu wurden im Rahmen einer Befragung die Einstellungen sowie in einem Kaufexperiment die Präferenzen und Zahlungsbereitschaften von Endverbrauchern in vier Regionen Deutschlands ermittelt. Die Befragungsergebnisse verdeutlichten die große Bedeutung der regionalen Herkunft von Lebensmitteln für Konsumenten. Dies galt insbesondere für frische Lebensmittel wie Obst, Gemüse und Fleisch. Die Resultate des Kaufexperiments bestätigten eine starke Nachfrage nach konventionellen und Öko-Lebensmitteln aus der Region und zeigten sehr hohe Zahlungsbereitschaften für regionale Produkte und bei Öko-Lebensmitteln auch für Produkte aus Deutschland. Dieses Absatzpotenzial sollte durch die Ausweitung des entsprechenden Angebots im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel genutzt werden. Dabei bedarf es einer eindeutigen, unternehmensübergreifenden und leicht verständlichen Kennzeichnung der regionalen bzw. deutschen Produktherkunft

Ortsaufgelöste Temperaturmessung mit Hilfe der Kemspintomographie

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Eine weitverbreitete Methode zur Behandlung nicht operabler Tumore ist die Hyperthermie. Eine Möglichkeit während dieser Behandlung die Temperatur zu kontrollieren, bietet die Kernspintomographie. Ihre Vorteile sind die gute Ortsauflösung, der gute Weichteilkontrast, die beliebige Wahl des Schnittbildverlaufs und ihr geringes Risiko für Nebenwirkungen. Innerhalb dieses Beitrags wird die Entwicklung einer quantitativen ort- und zeitaufgelösten Temperaturmessung im MR an einem gewebenahen Phantom vorgestellt

Microphonics Analysis of the SC 325 MHz CH-Cavity

Since the walls of superconducting (sc) cavities are kept very thin to support the cooling process, even small mechanical disturbances can detune the cavity. One of the main sources of detuning a cavity is microphonics. These low-frequent vibrations caused by vacuum pumps or underground noise are transferred to the cryostat and excite mechanical resonances of the cavity which may lead to frequency shifts larger than the bandwidth. To determine the mechanical resonance frequencies of the sc 325 MHz CH-cavity (Crossbar-H-Mode) simulations with ANSYS Workbench have been performed in a first step. Additionally, microphonics measurements were taken at room temperature as well as in a vertical cryostat at 4K in the cryo-lab of the IAP, Frankfurt University. Furthermore, the contraction of the cavity walls and the resulting frequency shift due to the cavity cool-down has been measured. A comparison between simulation results and the measured values is presented in this paper

Supercurrent-phase relationship of a Nb/InAs(2DES)/Nb Josephson junction in overlapping geometry

Superconductor/normal conductor/superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions with highly transparent interfaces are predicted to show significant deviations from sinusoidal supercurrent-phase relationships (CPR) at low temperatures. We investigate experimentally the CPR of a ballistic Nb/InAs(2DES)/Nb junction in the temperature range from 1.3 K to 9 K using a modified Rifkin-Deaver method. The CPR is obtained from the inductance of the phase-biased junction. Transport measurements complement the investigation. At low temperatures, substantial deviations of the CPR from conventional tunnel-junction behavior have been observed. A theoretical model yielding good agreement to the data is presented.Comment: RevTex4, 4 pages including 3 figure

Исследование парогазовой установки, работающей на генераторном газе

Выпускная квалификационная работа 116 страниц, 25 рисунков, 25 таблиц, 35 источников, 2 приложения. Ключевые слова: газификация угля, парогазовая установка, газотурбинная установка, генераторный газ, анализ, котел-утилизатор, показатели эффективности. Объектом исследования является ПГУ, работающая на генераторном газе. Цель работы – анализ работоспособности такой ПГУ с ГТУ, работающей на генераторном газе. В процессе исследования проводилось изучение различных способов газификации угля; производился выбор расчетной схемы ПГУ с газификацией; проводился расчет состава и характеристик генераторного газа и определение основных показателей тепловой эффективности ПГУ. В результате исследования был сделан анализ эффективности работы парогазовой установки.Final qualifying work of 116 pages, 25 figures, 25 tables, 35 sources, 2 annexes. Keywords: coal gasification combined cycle plant, a gas turbine plant, the product gas analysis, waste heat boiler, performance indicators. The object of this study is to CCGT running on syngas. The purpose of work - performance analysis of a CCGT with a gas turbine, operating on syngas. The study was carried out to study different methods of coal gasification; selects the estimated PSU circuit with gasification; conducted calculation and composition of the product gas characteristics and the definition of the main indicators of the thermal efficiency of the CCGT. The survey was made the analysis of the efficiency of the combined-cycle plant

Epigenetic activities of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of cancer

Aberrant epigenetic modifications are described in an increasing number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and cancer. The general reversibility of epigenetic changes makes them an attractive and promising target e.g. in the treatment of cancer. Thus, a growing number of epigenetically active compounds are currently tested in clinical trials for their therapeutic potential. Interestingly, many phytochemicals present in plant foods, particularly flavonoids, are suggested to be able to alter epigenetic cellular mechanisms. Flavonoids are natural phenol compounds that form a large group of secondary plant metabolites with interesting biological activities. They can be categorized into six major subclasses, which display diverse properties affecting the two best characterized epigenetic mechanisms: modulation of the DNA methylation status and histone acetylation. High dietary flavonoid intake has strongly been suggested to reduce the risk of numerous cancer entities in a large body of epidemiological studies. Established health-promoting effects of diets rich in fruit and vegetables are faced by efforts to use purified flavonoids as supplements or pharmaceuticals, whereupon data on the latter applications remain controversial. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of current research on flavonoids to further elucidate their potential in cancer prevention and therapy, thereby focusing on their distinct epigenetic activities

Superconducting CH Cavities for Heavy Ion Acceleration

To demonstrate the operation ability of superconducting (sc) Crossbar-H-mode (CH) cavity technology a 217 MHz structure of this type is under development at the Institute for Applied Physics (IAP) of Frankfurt University. The cavity has 15 accelerating cells and a design beta of 0.059. It will be equipped with all necessary auxiliaries like a 10 kW power coupler and a tuning system. Currently, the cavity is under construction. Furthermore, this cavity will serve as demonstrator for a sc continuous wave (cw) LINAC at GSI. The proposed cw LINAC is highly requested to fulfil the requirements of nuclear chemistry and especially for a competitive production of new Super Heavy Elements (SHE) in the future. A full performance test by injecting and accelerating a beam from the GSI High Charge Injector (HLI) is planned in 2014. The current status of the sc CH cavity and the demonstrator project is presented