A classification, up to hyperbolicity, of groups given by 2 generators and one relator of length 8

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt"

Primary Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Newly Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Diagnosed Individuals Testing Anonymously and Confidentially

The purpose of this study was to determine if anonymous and confidential testers differ in recency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at time of testing and prevalence of antiretroviral drug (ARV) resistance. We examined data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Testing project, which performed genotypic testing on leftover HIV diagnostic serum specimens of confidentially and anonymously tested ARV-naive persons newly diagnosed with HIV in Colorado (n = 365 at 11 sites) and King County, Washington (n = 492 at 44 sites). The serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion was used to classify people as likely to have been recently infected or not. Type of testing, anonymous or confidential, was not significantly associated with either timing of HIV testing by serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion or resistance rates. Mutations conferring any level of ARV resistance were present in 17% of testers, and high-level resistance mutations were present in 10%. Anonymous testers were significantly more likely to have CD4+ counts >500 cells per mm3 (45% vs. 28%; p = 0.018), indicative of an early infection. This study indicates that anonymous testers have demographic differences relative to confidential HIV testers but were not more likely to exhibit drug resistance. Findings related to when in the course of disease anonymous testers are tested are inconsistent, but anonymous testers had higher CD4 counts, which indicates early testing and is consistent with other studies.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90491/1/mdr-2E2010-2E0066.pd

The plaque control index: A practical method of assessing the effectiveness of oral hygiene procedures

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Effectiveness, safety and tolerability of a complex homeopathic medicinal product in the prevention of recurrent acute upper respiratory tract infections in children: a multicenter, open, comparative, randomized, controlled clinical trial

Background: The present study was initiated to investigate the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of complex homeopathic CalSuli-4-02 tablets on prevention of recurrent acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in children, in comparison to another complex homeopathic product. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open, clinical trial with two parallel treatment groups at four outpatient pediatric clinics in Russia. Children aged <= 6 years with susceptibility to acute URTIs (>= three occasions during the last 6 months) were randomized to receive either CalSuli-4-02 or a comparator homeopathic product (control group) for 3 weeks. Primary outcome was the frequency of acute URTIs after 3 and 6 months post-treatment follow-up. Secondary endpoints were changes in complaints and symptoms (total and individual scores), treatment satisfaction, antibiotic use, safety and tolerability. Results: The intention-to-treat analysis involved 200 children (CalSuli-4-02: N = 99, Control: N = 101). In both treatment groups, the median number of acute URTIs was one for 3 months and two, respectively, for the full 6 months post-treatment (Relative Risk: 0.86 (95 %-CI: 0.72-1.03), p = 0.1099). Seasons had no influence on the outcome. At the end of study, CalSuli-4-02 had overall higher odds of getting lower complaints severity total score (Odds ratio: 1.99 (95 %-CI: 1.31-3.02), p = 0.0012) and showing symptom improvement (Odds ratio: 1.93 (95 %-CI: 1.25-3.00), p = 0.0033). Specifically, the complaint "appetite disorder" and the symptom "child's activities" significantly improved more in the CalSuli-4-02 group (p = 0.0135 and p = 0.0063, respectively). Antibiotic use was decreased in both treatment groups at the study end. Overall assessment for satisfaction with and tolerability of treatment was higher with CalSuli-4-02. A low number of non-serious adverse drug reactions was reported (CalSuli-4-02: N = 4, Control: N = 1). Conclusions: Both complex homeopathic products led to a comparable reduction of URTIs. In the CalSuli-4-02 group, significantly less URTI-related complaints and symptoms and higher treatment satisfaction and tolerability were detected. The observation that the use of antibiotics was reduced upon treatment with the complex homeopathic medications, without the occurrence of complications, is interesting and warrants further investigations on the potential of CalSuli-4-02 as an antibiotic sparing option

Twistor lines in the period domain of complex tori

As in the case of irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds, the period domain $Compl$ of compact complex tori of even dimension $2n$ contains twistor lines. These are special $2$-spheres parametrizing complex tori whose complex structures arise from a given quaternionic structure. In analogy with the case of irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds, we show that the periods of any two complex tori can be joined by a {\em generic} chain of twistor lines. We also prove a criterion of twistor path connectivity of loci in $Compl$ where a fixed second cohomology class stays of Hodge type (1,1). Furthermore, we show that twistor lines are holomorphic submanifolds of $Compl$, of degree $2n$ in the Pl\"ucker embedding of $Compl$.Comment: 29 pages, 2 figures. Theorem 2 and Corollary 3 have been added in the new versio

Algebraicity of rational Hodge isometries of K3 surfaces

Consider any rational Hodge isometry \psi:H^2(S_1,\QQ)\rightarrow H^2(S_2,\QQ) between any two K\ ahler $K3$ surfaces $S_1$ and $S_2$. We prove that the cohomology class of $\psi$ in $H^{2,2}(S_1\times S_2)$ is a polynomial in Chern classes of coherent analytic sheaves over $S_1 \times S_2$. Consequently, the cohomology class of $\psi$ is algebraic whenever $S_1$ and $S_2$ are algebraic