Sociologie des combattants:[Introduction]

Les phénomènes guerriers et la violence politique sont l’objet d’un regain d’intérêt dans les sciences sociales et historiques qui concerne aussi, et de plus en plus, la science politique française. Issu de plusieurs manifestations scientifiques – le séminaire de recherche « La guerre des sciences sociales » à l’ENS Paris-Jourdan, et une Section thématique du 10e Congrès de l’Association Française de Science Politique -, ce dossier de Pôle sud entend contribuer à ce renouvellement à travers des communications portant sur des acteurs qui ont longtemps été négligés dans l’étude des guerres et des conflits : les combattants ordinaires des armées professionnelles ou des forces armées irrégulières

The household effect on electoral participation:A contextual analysis of voter signatures from a French polling station (1982-2007)

We use electoral participation data coded from signature lists to show that patterns of voter turnout, be they related to average participation, versatility or precise moments of voting, are strongly related to what we call “electorate households”, i.e. groups of voters registered in the same polling station and living together. Each household tends to be homogeneous, at levels much higher than chance would explain, so that modelling individual participation without taking this household effect into account ignores much of what actually happens. The status in the household also plays an important role among individual factors of voter participation. Not only do people who live together often participate together, but the precise shape of their relationships influences their behaviour

False-positive iodine-131 whole-body scan findings in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: report of 11 cases and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Iodine-131 (I-131) whole-body scan (WBS) plays an important role in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), to detect normal thyroid remnants and recurrent or metastatic disease. A focus of I-131 accumulation outside the thyroid bed and the areas of physiological uptake is strongly suggestive of a distant functioning metastasis. However, many false-positive I-131 WBS findings have been reported in the literature. PATIENT FINDINGS: We describe a series of 11 personal cases of patients with DTC, collected from 1992 to 2011, in whom diagnostic or post-treatment WBS showed false-positive retention of I-131 in various locations. SUMMARY: False-positive accumulations of I-131 on WBS may be classified according to the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms: external and internal contaminations by body secretions, ectopic normal thyroid and gastric tissues, inflammatory and infectious diseases, benign and malignant tumors, cysts and effusions of serous cavities, thymic uptake, and other non classified causes. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians must be aware of possible false-positive findings to avoid misinterpretations of the I-131 WBS, which could lead to inappropriate treatments

Lithium-Ion Cell Charge-Control Unit Developed

A lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell charge-control unit was developed as part of a Li-ion cell verification program. This unit manages the complex charging scheme that is required when Li-ion cells are charged in series. It enables researchers to test cells together as a pack, while allowing each cell to charge individually. This allows the inherent cell-to-cell variations to be addressed on a series string of cells and reduces test costs substantially in comparison to individual cell testing

Nearby Supernova Factory Observations of SN 2007if: First Total Mass Measurement of a Super-Chandrasekhar-Mass Progenitor

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2007if, an overluminous (M_V = -20.4), red (B-V = 0.16 at B-band maximum), slow-rising (t_rise = 24 days) type Ia supernova in a very faint (M_g = -14.10) host galaxy. A spectrum at 5 days past B-band maximum light is a direct match to the super-Chandrasekhar-mass candidate SN Ia 2003fg, showing Si II and C II at ~9000 km/s. A high signal-to-noise co-addition of the SN spectral time series reveals no Na I D absorption, suggesting negligible reddening in the host galaxy, and the late-time color evolution has the same slope as the Lira relation for normal SNe Ia. The ejecta appear to be well mixed, with no strong maximum in I-band and a diversity of iron-peak lines appearing in near-maximum-light spectra. SN2007 if also displays a plateau in the Si II velocity extending as late as +10 days, which we interpret as evidence for an overdense shell in the SN ejecta. We calculate the bolometric light curve of the SN and use it and the \ion{Si}{2} velocity evolution to constrain the mass of the shell and the underlying SN ejecta, and demonstrate that SN2007 if is strongly inconsistent with a Chandrasekhar-mass scenario. Within the context of a "tamped detonation" model appropriate for double-degenerate mergers, and assuming no host extinction, we estimate the total mass of the system to be 2.4 +/- 0.2 solar masses, with 1.6 +/- 0.1 solar masses of nickel-56 and with 0.3-0.5 solar masses in the form of an envelope of unburned carbon/oxygen. Our modeling demonstrates that the kinematics of shell entrainment provide a more efficient mechanism than incomplete nuclear burning for producing the low velocities typical of super-Chandrasekhar-mass SNeIa.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, emulateapj format; v2 fixed some typos and added a reference; v3 included minor copy-editing changes + fixed typos in Figure 9, Table 4; accepted to Ap

UPAYA GURU MENGATASI KESULITAN MURID DALAM MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN DI TPQ AL-IKHWAN KEBUN CENGKEH DESA BATU MERAH KECAMATAN SIRIMAU KOTA AMBON

Abstract: The research entitled Teachers' Efforts to Overcome Student Difficulties in Reading the Qur'an at TPQ Al-Ikhwan Clove Gardens, Batu Merah Village, Sirimau District, Ambon City. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. In collecting data the author uses the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis uses data reduction, and data presentation, and draws conclusions. The results showed that the teacher's efforts to overcome students' difficulties in reading the Qur'an at TPQ al-Ikhwan Kebun Cloves were, 1 by carrying out tadarus habituation, 2 by paying attention to students, 3 by motivating students. Then the supporting and inhibiting factors of students At TPQ al-Ikhwan Kebun Cloves, the supporting factors include: The existence of support from parents, the motivation of the teacher, and the existence of adequate facilities. slow. Keywords: Teacher Effort, Reading Difficulty, TPQ al-Ikhwan Abstrak: Penelitian yang berjudul Upaya  Guru  Mengatasi  Kesulitan  Murid  Dalam  Membaca  Al-Qur’an  Di  TPQ  Al-Ikhwan  Kebun  Cengkeh  Desa  Batu  Merah  Kecamatan  Sirimau  Kota  Ambon. Jenis penelitian yang  digunakan  dalam  penelitian  ini  adalah  deskriptif  kualitatif. Dalam  pengumpulan  data  penulis  menggunakan  metode  observasi,  wawancara,  dan  dokumentasi.  Sedangkan  analisis  data  menggunakan reduksi  data,  dan  penyajian  data,  dan  menarik  kesimpulan. Hasil  penelitian  menunjukan  bahwa  Upaya  guru  mengatasi  kesulitan  murid  dalam  membaca  al-Qur’an  di  TPQ  al-Ikhwan  Kebun  Cengkeh  adalah, 1 dengan  melaksanakan  pembiasaan  tadarus,  2  dengan  mencurahkan  perhatian  kepada  murid,   3 dengan  memberikan  motivasi  kepada   murid  Kemudian  Faktor  pendukung  dan  penghambat  murid  di  TPQ  al-Ikhwan  Kebun  Cengkeh,  faktor  pendukung  antara  lain:  Adanya  dukungan  dari  orangtua,  adanya  motivasi  dari  guru,  dan  adanya  fasilitas  yang  memadai,  Kemudian  faktor  penghambat  antara  lain:  Rasa  malas  yang  tertanam  dalam  murid  itu  sendiri, dan  daya  ingat  murid  yang  sangat  lambat. Kata kunci: Upaya  Guru,  Kesulitan  Membaca,  TPQ  al-Ikhwa

Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of galaxies hosting Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed by the Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory). Combining GALEX UV data with optical and near infrared photometry, we employ stellar population synthesis techniques to measure SN Ia host galaxy stellar masses, star-formation rates (SFRs), and reddening due to dust. We reinforce the key role of GALEX UV data in deriving accurate estimates of galaxy SFRs and dust extinction. Optical spectra of SN Ia host galaxies are fitted simultaneously for their stellar continua and emission lines fluxes, from which we derive high precision redshifts, gas-phase metallicities, and Halpha-based SFRs. With these data we show that SN Ia host galaxies present tight agreement with the fiducial galaxy mass-metallicity relation from SDSS for stellar masses log(M_*/M_Sun)>8.5 where the relation is well-defined. The star-formation activity of SN Ia host galaxies is consistent with a sample of comparable SDSS field galaxies, though this comparison is limited by systematic uncertainties in SFR measurements. Our analysis indicates that SN Ia host galaxies are, on average, typical representatives of normal field galaxies.Comment: 25 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Ap