The effect of temperature on microchannel emulsification

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 5731, 2011.3.25Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-151

Penetration and effectiveness of micronized copper in refractory wood species

The North American wood decking market mostly relies on easily treatable Southern yellow pine (SYP), which is being impregnated with micronized copper (MC) wood preservatives since 2006. These formulations are composed of copper (Cu) carbonate particles (CuCO3 center dot Cu(OH)(2)), with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 250 mu m, according to manufacturers. MC-treated SYP wood is protected against decay by solubilized Cu2+ ions and unreacted CuCO3 center dot Cu(OH)(2) particles that successively release Cu2+ ions (reservoir effect). The wood species used for the European wood decking market differ from the North American SYP. One of the most common species is Norway spruce wood, which is poorly treatable i.e. refractory due to the anatomical properties, like pore size and structure, and chemical composition, like pit membrane components or presence of wood extractives. Therefore, MC formulations may not suitable for refractory wood species common in the European market, despite their good performance in SYP. We evaluated the penetration effectiveness of MC azole (MCA) in easily treatable Scots pine and in refractory Norway spruce wood. We assessed the effectiveness against the Cu-tolerant wood-destroying fungus Rhodonia placenta. Our findings show that MCA cannot easily penetrate refractory wood species and could not confirm the presence of a reservoir effect

Biodegradable Polyester / Crystalline Nanocellulose Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications: Preparation and Characterization

The use of biodegradable polymers in biomedicine is rising and polymer matrices loaded with reinforcements can be good candidates for temporary implants and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this work poly (ethylene brassylate) (PEB) was reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), in order to achieve a biocompatible material with superior mechanical properties than the neat polymer. PEB/CNC composites were characterized through calorimetry, thermogravimetry and tensile tests in order to determine the effect CNC reinforcement in the thermal and mechanical properties. The Young´s modulus was found to increase about 20 % with just an addition of 2.5 wt% CNC; higher contents of reinforcement resulted in a decrease of ductility of the composites. The thermal analyses suggest lack of interaction between PEB and CNC at their interphase.The authors are thankful for funds from the Basque Government, Department of Education, Language Policy and Culture (IT-927-16) and the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Competitiveness MINECO (MAT2016-78527-P

Con fecha de 12 del anterior me dice el Mariscal de Campo Don Fernando Butron, Sub-Inspector de la primera division de los Cuerpos Provinciales lo que copio

Al final del text: "Es copia de sus original, de que certifico"Còpia datada a Segovia el 15 de novembre de 1815 signada per Esteban Valenciano y QuintanaSign.: []1-2Text datat a Madrid el 24 de novembre de 1815Títol obtingut de les 1eres línies del text"Disposiciones del General Subinspector de los Cuerpos Provinciales relativas al sorteo de los mozos de reempleo del Ejército con las normas por las cuales el sorteo debe regirse" --Catàleg manual de la Biblioteca Econòmica CarandellDisposicions del General Subinspector dels Cossos Provincials relatives al sorteig dels mossos de treball de l'exèrcit amb les normes per les quals el sorteig s'ha de regir.

Influence of temperature on production of water-in-oil emulsions by microchannel emulsification

In this paper, we report the influence of temperature on the production characteristics of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions by microchannel emulsification (MCE). The temperature of an emulsification module including a hydrophobic microchannel (MC) array chip was controlled between 10 °C and 55 °C. The continuous phase was a decane oil solution containing 5 wt% tetraglycerin monolaurate condensed ricinoleic acid ester as a surfactant. The dispersed phase was a Milli-Q water solution containing 1 wt% of sodium chloride and 5 wt% of polyethylene glycol. The contact angle of the dispersed phase to the MC wall exceeded 152°, strongly suggesting that the MC array surfaces are not wetted by the dispersed phase during MCE. At the breakthrough pressure of the dispersed phase, monodisperse W/O emulsions with coefficient of variation below 5% were produced via hydrophobic MC arrays, irrespective of the temperature. At each operating temperature, the resultant droplet diameter was also almost constant below a critical flow velocity of the dispersed phase. The maximum droplet generation rate from a channel gradually increased with increasing operating temperature due to the decrease in viscosity of both phases. An adapted capillary number that considers the influence of the wettability and surfactant adsorption had a low maximum/minimum value ratio of 1.2

The relationship between course design, sense of community, and student achievement of students in online courses

The number of students enrolled in at least one online course reached nearly 6.7 million for the 2011-2012 academic year, which represents around 32% of the total enrollment (Allen & Seaman, 2013). As more higher education institutions offer online courses, it is necessary to further study course design and effective online strategies. Numerous researchers (LaPointe & Reisetter, 2008; Liu, et al., 2007; Ouzts, 2006; Rovai, 2002a) have established that high-quality online learning fosters a strong sense of community among its members. The purpose of this study is to describe the strength and direction of the relationship between online course design and students’ perceived sense of community and student achievement as measured by end-ofcourse grades of students enrolled in fully online undergraduate and graduate courses. Correlational analysis was used to explore the relationship between the variables. The findings show the importance of both sense of community and course design may have on an online course because there was a statistically significant positive relationship between course design, sense of community and student achievement. This study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding sense of community and materials and planning interaction and their combined ability to predict student achievement in a mainly Hispanic population

Capitalizando la naturaleza: Biocomercio como herramienta para cerrar la brecha de biodiversidad en el Perú

Esta investigación describe cómo se desarrollan nuevas formas de valorizar la naturaleza en países ricos en biodiversidad como Perú, abordando específicamente el modelo de negocio Biocomercio. Proporciona una descripción general de cómo el país mide su brecha de biodiversidad y qué acciones se toman para contrarrestarla. Luego, el estudio continúa con una breve descripción y análisis de los aspectos legales, institucionales, de mercado, sociales y ecológicos de la cadena de valor del programa Biocomercio a nivel macro; para luego explorar si este modelo de negocio contribuye a cerrar la brecha de biodiversidad del país. Finalmente, concluye con un examen de los desafíos y oportunidades de los mecanismos financieros que se han desplegado para cerrar la brecha de biodiversidad del país y promover la inversión en capital natural.This research outlines how new forms of enterprising nature are developed in biodiversity-rich countries such as Peru, approaching specifically the Biotrade business model. It provides an overview of how the country measures its biodiversity gap and what actions are taken to counter it. The study then continues with a brief description and analysis of the legal, institutional, market, social and ecological aspects of the value chain of the Biotrade program on a macro level; to later explore whether this business model contributes to closing the country’s biodiversity gap. Finally, it ends with an examination of the challenges and opportunities of the financial mechanisms that have been deployed to close the country’s biodiversity gap and promote investment in natural capital

Who perpetrates violence against children? A systematic analysis of age-specific and sex-specific data.

Objective: The epidemiology of violence against children is likely to differ substantially by sex and age of the victim and the perpetrator. Thus far, investment in effective prevention strategies has been hindered by lack of clarity in the burden of childhood violence across these dimensions. We produced the first age-specific and sex-specific prevalence estimates by perpetrator type for physical, sexual and emotional violence against children globally. Design: We used random effects meta-regression to estimate prevalence. Estimates were adjusted for relevant quality covariates, variation in definitions of violence and weighted by region-specific, age-specific and sex-specific population data to ensure estimates reflect country population structures. Data sources: Secondary data from 600 population or school-based representative datasets and 43 publications obtained via systematic literature review, representing 13 830 estimates from 171 countries. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Estimates for recent violence against children aged 0-19 were included. Results: The most common perpetrators of physical and emotional violence for both boys and girls across a range of ages are household members, with prevalence often surpassing 50%, followed by student peers. Children reported experiencing more emotional than physical violence from both household members and students. The most common perpetrators of sexual violence against girls aged 15-19 years are intimate partners; however, few data on other perpetrators of sexual violence against children are systematically collected internationally. Few age-specific and sex-specific data are available on violence perpetration by schoolteachers; however, existing data indicate high prevalence of physical violence from teachers towards students. Data from other authority figures, strangers, siblings and other adults are limited, as are data on neglect of children. Conclusions: Without further investment in data generation on violence exposure from multiple perpetrators for boys and girls of all ages, progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 4, 5 and 16 may be slow. Despite data gaps, evidence shows violence from household members, peers in school and for girls, from intimate partners, should be prioritised for prevention. Trial registration number: PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015024315

Who perpetrates violence against children? A systematic analysis of age-specific and sex-specific data.

OBJECTIVE: The epidemiology of violence against children is likely to differ substantially by sex and age of the victim and the perpetrator. Thus far, investment in effective prevention strategies has been hindered by lack of clarity in the burden of childhood violence across these dimensions. We produced the first age-specific and sex-specific prevalence estimates by perpetrator type for physical, sexual and emotional violence against children globally. DESIGN: We used random effects meta-regression to estimate prevalence. Estimates were adjusted for relevant quality covariates, variation in definitions of violence and weighted by region-specific, age-specific and sex-specific population data to ensure estimates reflect country population structures. DATA SOURCES: Secondary data from 600 population or school-based representative datasets and 43 publications obtained via systematic literature review, representing 13 830 estimates from 171 countries. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Estimates for recent violence against children aged 0-19 were included. RESULTS: The most common perpetrators of physical and emotional violence for both boys and girls across a range of ages are household members, with prevalence often surpassing 50%, followed by student peers. Children reported experiencing more emotional than physical violence from both household members and students. The most common perpetrators of sexual violence against girls aged 15-19 years are intimate partners; however, few data on other perpetrators of sexual violence against children are systematically collected internationally. Few age-specific and sex-specific data are available on violence perpetration by schoolteachers; however, existing data indicate high prevalence of physical violence from teachers towards students. Data from other authority figures, strangers, siblings and other adults are limited, as are data on neglect of children. CONCLUSIONS: Without further investment in data generation on violence exposure from multiple perpetrators for boys and girls of all ages, progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 4, 5 and 16 may be slow. Despite data gaps, evidence shows violence from household members, peers in school and for girls, from intimate partners, should be prioritised for prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015024315

QTL mapping for Mediterranean corn borer resistance in European flint germplasm using recombinant inbred lines

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Ostrinia nubilalis </it>(ECB) and <it>Sesamia nonagrioides </it>(MCB) are two maize stem borers which cause important losses in temperate maize production, but QTL analyses for corn borer resistance were mostly restricted to ECB resistance and maize materials genetically related (mapping populations derived from B73). Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify and characterize QTLs for MCB resistance and agronomic traits in a RILs population derived from European flint inbreds.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Three QTLs were detected for stalk tunnel length at bins 1.02, 3.05 and 8.05 which explained 7.5% of the RILs genotypic variance. The QTL at bin 3.05 was co-located to a QTL related to plant height and grain humidity and the QTL at bin 8.05 was located near a QTL related to yield.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results, when compared with results from other authors, suggest the presence of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis or fortification with effects on resistance to different corn borer species and digestibility for dairy cattle. Particularly, we proposed five candidate genes related to cell wall characteristics which could explain the QTL for stalk tunnelling in the region 3.05. However, the small proportion of genotypic variance explained by the QTLs suggest that there are also many other genes of small effect regulating MCB resistance and we conclude that MAS seems not promising for this trait. Two QTLs detected for stalk tunnelling overlap with QTLs for agronomic traits, indicating the presence of pleitropism or linkage between genes affecting resistance and agronomic traits.</p