Crystal structures of N,N-dimethyl-(2-(2,2-diphenyl)-2-prop-2-ynyloxy)acetoxy)ethylamine and N,N-dimethyl-(2-(2,2-diphenyl)-2-prop-2-ynyloxy)acetoxy)ethylammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate

The N,N-dimethylethylamminium unit in N,N-dimethyl-[2-(2,2-diphenyl)-2-prop-2-ynyloxyacetoxy]ethylamine, C21H23NO3 (I), is disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.880 (3) and 0. 120 (3), but there are no direction-specific interactions between the molecules of (I). The cation in N,N-dimethyl-[2-(2,2-diphenyl)-2-prop-2-ynyloxyacetoxy]ethylammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (picrate), C21H24NO3+·C6H2N3O7- (II), shows a similar type of disorder, with occupancies of 0.654 (11) and 0.346 (11), although the overall conformation of the cation in (II) is different from that in the neutral (I). The component ions are are linked by an almost planar three-centre N—H···(O)2 hydrogen bond, and the ion pairs are further linked by a combination of three C—H···O hydrogen bonds to form sheets. Comparisons are made with some related structures.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Photocatalytic Degradation of Municipal Wastewater and Brilliant Blue Dye Using Hydrothermally Synthesized Surface-Modified Silver-Doped ZnO Designer Particles

Photocatalytic degradation of local municipal wastewater and brilliant blue FCF dye were investigated using silver-doped ZnO designer particles. The silver-doped ZnO designer particles were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions (T = 150–250∘C, =autogeneous, experimental duration = 16–24 h) in the presence of surface modifiers. The resultant products were characterized using powder XRD, FTIR, Zeta potential, and SEM. Various parameters including catalyst amount, light source, pH, and photocatalytic time duration were studied to find out their effects on photodegradation efficiency with respect to municipal wastewater and brilliant blue dye. The effect of these parameters was evaluated using chemical oxygen demand (COD) and % transmittance analyses. The photodegradation results showed that the surface-modified silver-doped ZnO designer particles had higher efficiency compared to the reagent-grade ZnO in photodegradation of municipal wastewater and brilliant blue dye

Prostate Carcinogenesis: Insights in Relation to Epigenetics and Inflammation

Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic, and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depends upon the gene that has undergone the mutation. Identifying such genetic risk factors for prostate cancer poses a challenge for the researchers. Besides genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation) nucleosomal remodeling, and chromosomal looping, have significantly contributed to the onset of prostate cancer as well as the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the onset and progression of human cancer, via modifications in the tumor microenvironment by initiating epithelialmesenchymal transition and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this article, the authors present a brief history of the mechanisms and potential links between the genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes, inflammation, and inflammasomes that are known to contribute to the prognosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the authors examine and discuss the clinical potential of prostate carcinogenesis in relation to epigenetics and inflammation for its diagnosis and treatment. </jats:sec

Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth

Over the years, many successful attempts have been made to describe the art and science of crystal growth. Most modern advances in semiconductor and optical devices would not have been possible without the development of many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The objective of the Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth is to present state-of-the-art knowledge of both bulk and thin-film crystal growth. The goal is to make readers understand the basics of the commonly employed growth processes, materials produced, and defects generated. Almost 100 leading scientists, researchers, and engineers from 22 different countries from academia and industry have been selected to write chapters on the topics of their expertise. They have written 52 chapters on the fundamentals of bulk crystal growth from the melt, solution, and vapor, epitaxial growth, modeling of growth processes and defects, techniques of defect characterization as well as some contemporary special topics. This unique effort will provide readers with a fundamental understanding of crystal growth with the latest instrumentation and techniques available for crystal and thin-film fabrication. It is written and compiled for professionals and practitioners, materials scientists, physicists, and chemists at universities and in industrial research and production. Key Topics Crystal growth and characterization fundamentals Bulk crystal growth from the melt, solution, and vapor Thin-film epitaxial growth Modeling of growth processes Defect formation and morphology Crystalline material characterization and analysis Features Covers basic concepts, materials, properties, and fabrication. Contains over 1,200 color illustrations. Numerous comprehensive tables. Features exhaustive references to approved data. Fully searchable DVD-ROM for quick access to data