First record of the subfamily Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) from the Australian region, with a discussion of relationships and biology

The subfamily Dirrhopinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is recorded for the first time from the Australian region on the basis of Dirrhope minor Belokobylskij collected at light from several sites in northern Queensland. The species is redescribed and a discussion of relationships, distribution and biology of the subfamily is presented.Belokobylskij, Sergey A ; Iqbal, Muhammad ; Austin, Andrew

Metabolomics in rheumatic diseases: desperately seeking biomarkers

Metabolomics enables the profiling of large numbers of small molecules in cells, tissues and biological fluids. These molecules, which include amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and their metabolites, can be detected quantitatively. Metabolomic methods, often focused on the information-rich analytical techniques of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, have potential for early diagnosis, monitoring therapy and defining disease pathogenesis in many therapeutic areas, including rheumatic diseases. By performing global metabolite profiling, also known as untargeted metabolomics, new discoveries linking cellular pathways to biological mechanisms are being revealed and are shaping our understanding of cell biology, physiology and medicine. These pathways can potentially be targeted to diagnose and treat patients with immune-mediated diseases