Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research

Despite the many positive outcomes, excessive mobile phone use is now often associated with potentially harmful and/or disturbing behaviors (e.g., symptoms of deregulated use, negative impact on various aspects of daily life such as relationship problems, and work intrusion). Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has generally been considered as a behavioral addiction that shares many features with more established drug addictions. In light of the most recent data, the current paper reviews the validity of the behavioral addiction model when applied to PMPU. On the whole, it is argued that the evidence supporting PMPU as an addictive behavior is scarce. In particular, it lacks studies that definitively show behavioral and neurobiological similarities between mobile phone addiction and other types of legitimate addictive behaviors. Given this context, an integrative pathway model is proposed that aims to provide a theoretical framework to guide future research in the field of PMPU. This model highlights that PMPU is a heterogeneous and multi-faceted condition

Exposição a radiações eletromagnéticas não ionizantes da telefonia celular e sintomas psiquiátricos

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a associação entre exposição a radiações eletromagnéticas não ionizantes da estação radiobase de telefonia celular e sintomas à saúde. Em um estudo transversal realizado em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, entrevistaram-se 440 indivíduos. Queixas e diagnósticos psiquiátricos constituíram as variáveis dependentes e a distância do domicílio para estação radiobase foi considerada a variável independente principal. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística hierarquizada para avaliação de confundimento e efeito. Observou-se associação entre sintomas psiquiátricos e residir próximo à estação radiobase e formas de uso do telefone celular (sinal de cobertura fraco, perto do corpo, dois ou mais chips e nunca desligar o celular quando dorme) e com uso de outros eletroeletrônicos. Concluiu-se que a exposição à radiação eletromagnética não ionizante de telefonia celular e a outros eletroeletrônicos foi associada aos sintomas psiquiátricos independente do sexo, escolaridade e tabagismo. Recomenda-se a adoção de medidas precaucionárias no sentido de se reduzir este tipo de exposição

Nucleophile- or Light-Induced Synthesis of 3-Substituted Phthalides from 2-Formylarylketones

The surprisingly facile conversion (isomerization) of 2-formyl-arylketones into 3-substituted phthalides, as observed for the marine natural product pestalone and its per-O-methylated derivative, was investigated using a series of simple 2-acylbenzaldehydes as substrates. The transformation generally proceeds smoothly in DMSO, either in a Cannizarro–Tishchenko-type reaction under nucleophile catalysis (NaCN) or under photochemical conditions (DMSO, 350 nm)

<i>N</i>-Capping of Primary Amines with 2-Acyl-benzaldehydes To Give Isoindolinones

A unique reactivity pattern, first observed in the conversion of the marine natural product pestalone into pestalachloride A, was investigated. It was shown that 2-formyl-arylketones smoothly react with ammonia and primary amines, respectively, under mild conditions to afford 3-substituted isoindolinones in high yield. The reaction represents a new option for the derivatization (N-capping) of primary amines. As the substrates are readily accessible the methodology opens a short and modular access to pharmaceutically relevant substituted isoindolinones

An anti-neuroinflammatory that targets dysregulated glia enhances the efficacy of CNS-directed gene therapy in murine infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is an inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by a deficiency in palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1). Studies in Ppt1−/− mice demonstrate that glial activation is central to the pathogenesis of INCL. Astrocyte activation precedes neuronal loss, while cytokine upregulation associated with microglial reactivity occurs before and concurrent with neurodegeneration. Therefore, we hypothesized that cytokine cascades associated with neuroinflammation are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of INCL. MW01–2-151SRM (MW151) is a blood–brain barrier penetrant, small-molecule anti-neuroinflammatory that attenuates glial cytokine upregulation in models of neuroinflammation such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and kainic acid toxicity. Thus, we used MW151, alone and in combination with CNS-directed, AAV-mediated gene therapy, as a possible treatment for INCL. MW151 alone decreased seizure susceptibility. When combined with AAV-mediated gene therapy, treated INCL mice had increased life spans, improved motor performance, and eradication of seizures. Combination-treated INCL mice also had decreased brain atrophy, astrocytosis, and microglial activation, as well as intermediary effects on cytokine upregulation. These data suggest that MW151 can attenuate seizure susceptibility but is most effective when used in conjunction with a therapy that targets the primary genetic defect.</p