Petrología arqueológica de Pachacamac, Perú: materiales de construcción y cerámicas.

Sin resume

Estudio petrográfico de algunos artefactos arqueológicos de dudosa interpretación.

Sin resume

Ruta geomonumental: materiales de construcción utilizados en el Monasterio de Santa María de Pelayos de la Presa y antiguas canteras explotadas para la extracción de la piedra granítica (Madrid).

9 págs, 8 figuras.-- Itinerario incluido entre las actividades de divulgación y comunicación social de la Semana de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en el CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Nov 2010): http://www.madrimasd.org/semanaciencia/2010/.-- Texto correspondiente a la memoria entregada a los participantes que asistieron a la ruta geomonumentalLas Rutas Geomonumentales suponen una metodología diferente para la difusión cultural y científica del patrimonio arquitectónico, atendiendo a los materiales pétreos, naturales y artificiales, que lo configuran. El prefijo “Geo” indica el fuerte condicionante geológico que tradicionalmente ha influido en los asentamientos urbanos y en su desarrollo, así como la relación existente entre la arquitectura y la geología, en tanto que gran parte de los materiales de construcción se extraen de la tierra. Además, el comportamiento y deterioro de los materiales pétreos está en gran parte condicionado por el entorno que rodea a los inmuebles que constituyen. El Monasterio de Pelayos de la Presa resulta un inmueble ideal para realizar una Ruta Geomonumental como la que se propone. Por un lado, para la construcción del monasterio se utilizaron muy diversos materiales pétreos de construcción (naturales y artificiales) y su emplazamiento en gran parte estuvo condicionado por la existencia de canteras de granito en la zona. Por otro, el estado de conservación que presenta el inmueble, posibilita atender a interesantes aspectos constructivos y a formas de deterioro sufridas por los materiales, así como a las causas que las generan.Peer reviewe

A tolerance analysis and optimization methodology: the combined use of 3D CAT, a dimensional hierarchization matrix and an optimization algorithm

We propose a methodology in this study for the analysis and the optimization of assembly tolerances. A combination of three components, it involves the use of 3D CAT software, a table referred to as a “dimensional hierarchization matrix” and a tolerance optimization algorithm. The Antolin Group, a Spanish multinational in the automobile components sector, employs this system to optimize tolerance values and to reduce manufacturing costs. The matrix was designed to enable easy identification, in a single table, of all requirements that fail to meet the specifications in the different approximations, prior to the definition of the dimensional and the geometric tolerances that comply with the functional requirements, and to identify which tolerances contribute most to variations in all of the functional conditions of the mechanism. Through its different iterations, this matrix allows us to see which of the tolerances should first be modified to optimize the design requirement specifications. A tolerance optimization algorithm was also defined, which functions with the data from the dimensional hierarchization matrix

Doublons, topology and interactions in a one-dimensional lattice

We investigate theoretically the Bose-Hubbard version of the celebrated Su-Schrieffer-Heeger topological model, which essentially describes a one-dimensional dimerized array of coupled oscillators with on-site interactions. We study the physics arising from the whole gamut of possible dimerizations of the chain, including both the weakly and the strongly dimerized limiting cases. Focusing on two-excitation subspace, we systematically uncover and characterize the different types of states which may emerge due to the competition between the inter-oscillator couplings, the intrinsic topology of the lattice, and the strength of the on-site interactions. In particular, we discuss the formation of scattering bands full of extended states, bound bands full of two-particle pairs (including so-called `doublons', when the pair occupies the same lattice site), and different flavors of topological edge states. The features we describe may be realized in a plethora of systems, including nanoscale architectures such as photonic cavities and optical lattices, and provide perspectives for topological many-body physics.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Voltage-to-Frequency Converter for Low-Power Sensor Interfaces

This work presents a low-power rail-to-rail temperature compensated voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) which constitutes the last stage of a sensor read-out interface targeting wireless sensor networks (WSN) applications. These quasi-digital converters are now receiving great interest, since they combine the simplicity of analog devices with the accuracy and noise immunity proper to digital signal processing; besides, frequency output is directly driven to the embedded node microcontroller C, which next performs the A/D conversion using its internal timers. A first read-out interface prototype using low-voltage low-power commercial components shows that the VFC means 99 % of the total interface consumption in read-out mode. Further, existing CMOS VFCs in the form of ASICs have a rather limited input range and an unsuitable output frequency span for typical C clock frequencies used in WSN. Hence, a novel full custom VFC solution is needed, fullfilling the main requirements of rail-to-rail operation, to take advantage of the full supply voltage range to optimize the output frequency resolution, and low-power low-voltage operation to have a power supply compatible with conventional WSN batteries while maximizing the operating life of the sensor node. Experimental results for a 0.18–μm 1.2–V CMOS VFC implementation show for an input range of (0–1.2 V) an output frequency range of (0.1–1.0 MHz), adequate to digitize the signal with the direct counting method in the sensor node μC achieving 13 bits resolution. It has a power consumption of 60 μW (35 nW in sleep mode) and it is temperature insensitive for a temperature range of (-40, 120 ºC)

Design and evaluation of a treatment programme for Spanish adolescents with overweight and obesity. The EVASYON Study

Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity). Methods/Design The EVASYON was planned by a multidisciplinary team to treat OW/OB in Spanish adolescents. The EVASYON is a multi-centre study conducted in 5 hospitals in 5 Spanish cities (Granada, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander and Zaragoza) and two hundred and four OW/OB Spanish adolescents were recruited for this intervention. The treatment was implemented for approximately one-year follow-up. The adolescents were treated in groups of a maximum of 10 subjects; each group had 20 visits during the treatment period in two phases: intensive during the first 2 months (1st to 9th visits), and extensive during the last 11 months (10th to 20th visits). In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment, 8 dimensions were measured: diet; physical activity and fitness; eating behaviour; body composition; haematological profile; metabolic profile; minerals and vitamins; immuno-inflammatory markers. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms were also determined. Discussion The treatment programme developed in the EVASYON study was designed as a national pilot study to be implemented as an effective treatment for adolescents with OW/OB into the Spanish Health Care Service

Design of the nutritional therapy for overweight and obese Spanish adolescents conducted by registered dieticians: the EVASYON study

Background: Dietary treatment for obese adolescents should aim to ensure adequate growth and development, by reducing excessive fat mass accumulation, avoiding loss of lean body mass, improving well-being and selfesteem and preventing cyclical weight regain. The aim of this article is to describe the dietary intervention design and the methods used to evaluate nutritional knowledge and behavior in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for overweight/obese adolescents). Methods/design: EVASYON is a multi-centre study conducted in 5 Spanish hospital settings (Granada, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander and Zaragoza), where 204 overweight/obese Spanish adolescents were treated in groups of 9 to 11 subjects over 20 visits. The study was implemented in two stages: an intensive, calorie-restricted period for the first 9 weeks, and an extensive body-weight follow-up period for the last 11 months. A moderate energy intake restriction was applied in the intensive period according to the degree of obesity, on the basis of a balanced diet supplying 50-55% of daily energy as carbohydrates; 30-35% as fats and 10-15% as proteins. In the intensive period, adolescents were prescribed both a fixed full-day meal plan for the first three weeks and a full day meal plan with different food-choices for 6 weeks. Later, adolescents received a flexible meal plan based on food exchanges for the follow-up period until the end of the trial. Data on food intake, dietary and meal-related habits and behavior were collected by means of dietary questionnaires. To analyse nutritional knowledge, adolescents were examined regarding nutrient concepts and food items for a healthy diet with the appropriate tools. Participants were given nutritional information with complementary teaching material, which was available on the EVASYON website (www.estudioevasyon.com). Discussion: The dietary intervention of the EVASYON programme with a moderate calorie restriction for a limi - ted period of time could be a good strategy in treating overweight and obese adolescents and that will be tested further. Moreover, combining fixed plan with free-choice menus may help adolescents and their families to make right decisions for every day meals

A novel mutation Thr162Arg of the melanocortin 4 receptor gene in a Spanish children and adolescent population

Objective  The melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) is involved in body weight regulation. While many studies associated MC4R mutations with childhood obesity, information on MC4R mutations in Spanish children and adolescents is lacking. Our objective was to screen a population of children and adolescents from the north of Spain (Navarra) for MC4R mutations and to study the phenotypes of carriers and their families. In addition, functional assays were performed for a novel MC4R mutation. Methods  The study was composed of 451 Spanish children and adolescents (49% boys), aged 5–18 year. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria, the groups included 160 obese, 132 overweight and 159 normal-weight control subjects. Results  One novel (Thr162Arg) and three known nonsynonymous mutations in the MC4R gene (Ser30Phe, Thr150Ile, Ala244Glu) were detected heterozygously. The MC4R mutations were found in three male (one obese and two overweight) and two female subjects (one obese and one overweight). The novel mutation did not appear to lead to an impaired receptor function. An unequivocal relationship of MC4R mutations with obesity in pedigrees together with an impaired function of the encoded receptor could not be established for any of the mutations. Conclusions  The presence of heterozygous MC4R mutations in obese and overweight subjects indicates that these mutations may be a susceptibility factor for obesity development, but lifestyle factors, such as exercise or sedentary activities, may modify their effect