Verifying the reliability of hybrid issued from the cross “Picholine marocaine clones X Picholine du Languedoc”

In order to verify the reliability of hybrid population issued from crossing between 3 clones of "Picholine marocaine" cultivar and the "Picholine du Languedoc" cultivar, the descendants and their parents wereanalysed using 35 microsatellite loci. No offspring resulted from self crossing of "Picholine marocaine" cultivar and 218 descendants among 220 analysed are legitimate. This study showed clearly a segregating population and may be used as a genetic material for linkage map construction and for phenotyping resistance traits related to Spilocaea oleagina disease

Carbohydrate, phenolic and antioxidant level in relation to chlorophyll a content in oilseed winter rape (Brassica napus L.) inoculated with Leptosphaeria maculans

Syftet med föreliggande studien var att undersöka om sjuksköterskors egna rökvanor påverkar attityden till tobakspreventivt arbete på sjukhuset, både till tobakspreventivt arbete med patienterna och attityden till rökfritt sjukhus. Studien är empirisk och utfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex sjuksköterskor på en vårdavdelning på ett sjukhus i södra Sverige. Data från intervjuerna analyserades och resulterade i sju olika teman: Preventiva rollen, Kunskap om prevention, Vem skall leda det preventiva arbetet, Rökkontroll, Utbildningsnivå och rökning, Sjuksköterskan, en förebild?, Vem ska hjälpa patienten vid rökstopp på sjukhuset?, Är det någon skillnad mellan icke rökande och rökande vad avser rökpreventionen?. Den preventiva rollen hamnade i fokus och skillnader fanns mellan rökande och icke rökande sjuksköterskor både vad gäller preventivt omvårdnasarbete och kontrollThe aim of the present study is to investigate whether nurses smoking habits influence their attitude to tobacco prevention in hospitals, both in their work with patients and regarding their attitude to hospital smoking bans. The following question was posed: is there a difference between smoking and non-smoking nurses in patient-care activities regarding smoking prevention and control? The study is qualitative, based on qualitative interviews with six nurses at a ward of a hospital in Sweden. Interview data were analyzed and eight themes emerged: the role in prevention work knowledge of prevention who is to lead prevention work smoking control smoking and education levels the nurse as a role model who is to help the patient give up smoking possible differences between nonsmoking and smoking nurses regarding smoking prevention. The role in prevention work turned out to be central. Smoking nurses had greater difficulties in connection with preventive work and control, due to their personal experience of how hard it can be to give up smoking habits

Método de seleção e identificação de fontes de resistência à murcha do eucalipto causada por Ceratocystis fimbriata

Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um método de seleção e identificar fontes de resistência à murcha do eucalipto causada por Ceratocystis fimbriata. A inoculação de 5 ml de inóculo (2,5 x 10(4) esporos/ml) do patógeno em um ferimento no coleto de mudas com 60 dias de idade foi o método mais eficiente na reprodução dos sintomas da doença. Para este método, a severidade da doença e a mortalidade de plantas em função do tempo após a inoculação foram avaliadas. Um período de 30 dias após a inoculação foi suficiente para reproduzir os sintomas da doença. O protocolo de inoculação desenvolvido apresentou alto rendimento (400 plantas/ h) e menor consumo de espaço, quando comparado com outros métodos, principalmente pelo fato de possibilitar a inoculação de mudas jovens de eucalipto, entre 60 e 90 dias. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, a resistência interespecífica do eucalipto a C. fimbriata foi avaliada usando as espécies Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. dunnii, E. grandis, E. pellita, E. saligna, E. tereticornis e E. urophylla. Houve segregação da resistência para todas as espécies e de acordo com o local de origem da população. Para E. urophylla, por exemplo, ocorreram as maiores variações entre o número de indivíduos resistentes e suscetíveis à doença. Essas variações podem estar ligadas com a procedência das sementes e com as características do programa de melhoramento genético

An overview of NMR-based metabolomics to identify secondary plant compounds involved in host plant resistance

Secondary metabolites provide a potential source for the generation of host plant resistance and development of biopesticides. This is especially important in view of the rapid and vast spread of agricultural and horticultural pests worldwide. Multiple pests control tactics in the framework of an integrated pest management (IPM) programme are necessary. One important strategy of IPM is the use of chemical host plant resistance. Up to now the study of chemical host plant resistance has, for technical reasons, been restricted to the identification of single compounds applying specific chemical analyses adapted to the compound in question. In biological processes however, usually more than one compound is involved. Metabolomics allows the simultaneous detection of a wide range of compounds, providing an immediate image of the metabolome of a plant. One of the most universally used metabolomic approaches comprises nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). It has been NMR which has been applied as a proof of principle to show that metabolomics can constitute a major advancement in the study of host plant resistance. Here we give an overview on the application of NMR to identify candidate compounds for host plant resistance. We focus on host plant resistance to western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) which has been used as a model for different plant species