Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation (PS), compared to RT alone or combined with a placebo (plS), in the improvement of muscle strength and physical performance. The search strategy in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases found a total of 294 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 16 studies were included for the qualitative analysis. A total of 657 healthy elderly (>60 years) participants were analysed. Finally, 15 articles were included in the quantitative analysis with one being excluded due to issues with data availability. Upper-limb, lower-limb, and handgrip strength were the primary outcomes of the meta-analysis. The secondary outcomes, related to physical performance, were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and the five-chair-rise test (5CRT). The main results of the meta-analysis show no statistical differences for upper-limb (SMD: 0.56, 95% CI: -0.09, 1.21, p = 0.09, I2 = 68%), lower-limb (SMD: 0.00, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.18, p = 1.0, I2 = 11%), and handgrip strength (SMD: 0.03, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.32, p = 0.84, I2 = 0%) between the RT + PS and the RT alone (or combined with plS). Moreover, no statistical differences were found relating to physical performance. In view of these results, protein supplementation combined with RT does not provide additional benefits compared to RT alone or with plS in healthy elderly adults

Effects of a massage protocol in tensiomyographic and myotonometric proprieties

Background: Pre-competition massage is usually used to improve athletic performance and reduce risk of injury. Despite its usual use, the effects of pre-competition massage on neuromuscular function have barely been studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the pre-competition massage over the gastrocnemius neuromuscular function. Method: The study is a quasi-experimental clinical trial thirty healthy athletes were enrolled in the study. Subjects received an intervention in one leg (experimental), consisting of a massage, and no intervention in the opposite leg (control). From all values of neuromuscular function, the following were analyzed: contraction time (Tc) and maximal displacement (Dm) by tensiomyography, and stiffness and tone by myotonometry. Results: Main effects of pre-competition massage on neuromuscular function include a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Tc and Dm variables, as well as a reduction in stiffness and tone. Conclusion: Data shows an increase in Tc and maximal radial displacement (Dm) variables, as well as a reduction in stiffness and tone. More quality studies are needed to draw clear conclusions about the effects of pre-competition massage. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Sex differences in pre-season anthropometric, balance, and range of motion characteristics in elite youth soccer players

In soccer, injury epidemiology differs between males and females. It is clinically useful to know whether there are between-sex differences in selected characteristics relevant to primary injury risk and injury prevention practices. The purpose of this study was to explore between-sex differences in anthropometric, balance, and range-of-motion characteristics in Spanish elite male and female youth soccer players. This was a pre-season cross-sectional study. Sixty-nine males (age 16.8 ± 0.9 yr; height 175.9 ± 6.8 cm; mass 67.9 ± 6.3 kg) and thirty-seven females (age 17.2 ± 1.7 yr; height 164.0 ± 6.3 cm; mass 59.0 ± 5.8 kg) participated. Anthropometrics (standing/sitting height, bodymass, right/left leg length) and right/left anterior reach test (ART), hip internal/external active range of motion, active knee extension (AKE), and weightbearing lunge test (WBLT) were measured. Between-sex differences were assessed with Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests and Cliff’s delta (d). Between-sex significant differences (p < 0.003, d ≥ 0.50) were observed for anthropometric data and for hip internal rotation. No between-sex significant differences were observed for ART/AKE/WBLT measures. Between-sex significant differences with large effect sizes were identified for anthropometric data and right/left hip internal rotation. The present study adds new data to the literature for young Spanish male and female soccer players. The present findings will help inform clinical reasoning processes and future injury prevention research for elite male and female youth soccer players

Cardiopoietic cell therapy for advanced ischemic heart failure: results at 39 weeks of the prospective, randomized, double blind, sham-controlled CHART-1 clinical trial

Cardiopoietic cells, produced through cardiogenic conditioning of patients' mesenchymal stem cells, have shown preliminary efficacy. The Congestive Heart Failure Cardiopoietic Regenerative Therapy (CHART-1) trial aimed to validate cardiopoiesis-based biotherapy in a larger heart failure cohort

Sex Differences in Pre-Season Anthropometric, Balance and Range-of-Motion Characteristics in Elite Youth Soccer Players

In soccer, injury epidemiology differs between males and females. It is clinically useful to know whether there are between-sex differences in selected characteristics relevant to primary injury risk and injury prevention practices. The purpose of this study was to explore between-sex differences in anthropometric, balance, and range-of-motion characteristics in Spanish elite male and female youth soccer players. This was a pre-season cross-sectional study. Sixty-nine males (age 16.8 ± 0.9 yr; height 175.9 ± 6.8 cm; mass 67.9 ± 6.3 kg) and thirty-seven females (age 17.2 ± 1.7 yr; height 164.0 ± 6.3 cm; mass 59.0 ± 5.8 kg) participated. Anthropometrics (standing/sitting height, bodymass, right/left leg length) and right/left anterior reach test (ART), hip internal/external active range of motion, active knee extension (AKE), and weightbearing lunge test (WBLT) were measured. Between-sex differences were assessed with Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests and Cliff’s delta (d). Between-sex significant differences (p &lt; 0.003, d ≥ 0.50) were observed for anthropometric data and for hip internal rotation. No between-sex significant differences were observed for ART/AKE/WBLT measures. Between-sex significant differences with large effect sizes were identified for anthropometric data and right/left hip internal rotation. The present study adds new data to the literature for young Spanish male and female soccer players. The present findings will help inform clinical reasoning processes and future injury prevention research for elite male and female youth soccer players.</jats:p

P865Mechanical Complications in ST elevation myocardial infarction: Trends in prevalence, acute phase prognosis and one-year mortality after the onset of reperfusion network

Abstract Background The development of mechanical complications (MC) following an ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a high acute phase and long-term mortality. However, the widespread use of reperfusion therapies with primary angioplasty (pPCI) and surgical management could have reduced the prevalence of MC and improved the prognosis of these patients in the last years. Purpose The aim is to analyze the changes in the prevalence, management and acute phase prognosis and 1-year mortality of STEMI patients complicated with MC between two periods, before and after the onset of pPCI reperfusion network. Method We included all STEMI patients in a single centre prospective registry. Between 1990 and 2000, 2,251 STEMI patients were consecutively admitted in the Coronary Care Unit of a University Hospital (pre-pPCI period). In 2007, pPCI reperfusion program was onset in our centre. Between 2007 and 2017, 3,783 consecutive STEMI patients were included in the registry (post-pCI period). We analyze the prevalence of MC, management (reperfusion therapies, surgery ...) and 28-day and 1-year mortality among these two periods. Results A total of 6,034 STEMI patients were included in the registry (men 78.8%, mean age 61.7 years, SD 12.8). Patients admitted in the post-PCI period were older (62.4 vs 60.4 years, p&lt;0.001) and have more prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Reperfusion therapy increased in post-pPCI period (89.1% vs 49.7%, p&lt;0.001), due to widespread use of pPCI. A total of 105 patients (1.7%) develop any mechanical complication: 35 with ventricular septal rupture (VSR), 22 with papillary muscle rupture (PMR) and 48 patients with free wall rupture (FWR). Prevalence of MC has not been change between both periods. VSR occurred in 0.6% pre-PCI and 0.6% post-pPCI, p=0.98; PMR 0.3% vs 0.4% post-PCI, p=0.33; and FWR 1% vs 0.7% post-PCI, p=0.22). Overall 28-day STEMI mortality has been reduced in post-pPCI period (5.9% vs 10.1%, p&lt;0.001 in acute phase). This 28-day mortality remains very high and without significant changes when MC appears: VSR: post-pPCI 77.3% vs 58.0%, p=0.25; PMR: 25.0% post-PCI vs 58.3%, p=0.69; and FWR: 66.4% post-PCI vs 73.7%, p=0.84). One-year mortality has not been changed between both periods and stays in a very high ratio (65.7% for VRS, 45.4% for PMR and 66.7% for FWR). Conclusions Although reperfusion therapy greatly increased with the onset of a pPCI reperfusion network, prevalence of MC has not been change over three decades in our series. Acute phase (28-day) and one-year mortality remains very high and without significant reduction in post-pPCI period. </jats:sec

P1729Cardiogenic shock in ST elevation myocardial infarction: prevalence, management and acute phase and one-year mortality over the last three decades

Abstract Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) is an ominous complication of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the widespread use of reperfusion therapies and invasive management could have reduced the prevalence of CS and improved the prognosis of these patients in the last decades. Purpose The aim is to analyze the changes over last three decades in the prevalence, management and acute phase prognosis and 1-year mortality of STEMI patients complicated with CS. Method Between February 1989 and December 2017, 7,589 STEMI patients were consecutively admitted in the Coronary Care Unit of a University Hospital and were included in a prospective registry. Depending on the year of admission, patients were classified in five groups: 1989–1994: n=1,337, period 1; 1995–1999: n=960, period 2; 2000–2004: n=1,059, period 3; 2005–2009: n=1,535, period 4 and 2010–2015: n=2,698, period 5). We analyze the trend in prevalence of CS, management and 28-day and 1-year mortality over these five periods. Results The global prevalence of CS was 6.1% (466 patients), mean age was 67.7 (SD 11.7) years and 68.7% were men. Prevalence of CS in STEMI decreased from period 1 to 5 (7.3%, 6.4%, 5.5%, 5.8%, 6.0%, p&lt;0.001), although it has been reduced more in women (10.1% in period 1 vs 8.3%, period 5, p&lt;0.001) than in men (6.5% vs 5.4%, period 1 vs 5, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Reperfusion therapy increased from 25.8% in period 1 (all with thrombolysis) vs 83.8% in period 5 (all with primary angioplasty). Intra-aortic balloon contrapulsation was only available from period 3 to 5, and it's used were firstly increased (20.7%, 36% and 37.9%, respectively, p&lt;0.001). Ventricular assistance device (Impella CP) it was only available in 2017 and it was implanted in 10.5% of CS due to STEMI. Although 28-day case fatality is very high (60.7%, 283 patients), it has been reduced from period 1 to 5 (69.6%, 77.3%, 64.7%, 55.9% and 57.8%, respectively, p=0.012). This reduction in 28-day case fatality was higher in women (75.5% in period 1 vs 58.6% in period 5, p=0.12) than in men (66.8% vs 57.3, period 1–5, p=0.019). One-year mortality has been reduced between periods 1–5 (73.7% vs 61.8%, p=0.012). After multivariate adjustment, both 28-day (HR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.89, p=0.008) and 1-year mortality (HR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.90, p=0.010) have declined in the last period. Kaplan-Meier curves, 1-year mortality Conclusions Cardiogenic shock development in STEMI patients has been reduced from 7.3% to 6.1% in the last three decades. The whole improvement in management of these patients achieves a 37% of reduction in 28-day case fatality and 1-year all-cause mortality. Despite this improvement, acute phase (28-day) case fatality of STEMI complicated with CS remains over 57% in the primary angioplasty era. </jats:sec