Bovine brucellosis in Codo del Pozuzo district, Huanuco

En base a un diagnóstico circunstancial de dos casos de brucelosis en un hato bovino del distrito de Codo del Pozuzo, Huánuco, se llevó a cabo un estudio de prevalencia de Brucella sp. en 5439 bovinos entre abril a junio de 2007. Dos bovinos resultaron positivos a la prueba de Rosa de Bengala, pero negativos a la prueba confirmativa de Fijación del Complemento. El modelo de simulaciones estocásticas de distribución beta mostró una prevalencia de 0.02% con intervalo de confianza mínimo de 0 y máximo de 0.06%.A seroprevalence study on 5439 cattle from April to June 2007 was conducted based on a circumstantial diagnosis of two cases of bovine brucellosis in the district of Codo del Pozuzo, en the region of Huanuco. Two animals resulted positive to the Rose Bengal test but negative to the Complement Fixation test. The beta distribution using a simulation model showed a prevalence of 0.02% with a minimum interval of confidence of 0 and maximum of 0.06%

Removal methylene blue by microalgae Chlorella Sp. Alive

La microalga Chlorella sp. fue investigada como material viable para el tratamiento biológico de soluciones del colorante catiónico azul de metileno (AM). Para esto, se examinó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones iníciales de microalga, 1,06 x 106 UFC cm-3, 2,16 x 106 UFC cm-3 y 3,30 x 106 UFC cm-3 (0,1, 0,2 y 0,3 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente), sobre soluciones de 10 mg dm-3 de AM, tanto en presencia como en ausencia de nutrientes. En todos los casos se presentó remoción del colorante que, según los cambios en los espectros UV-VIS de las soluciones decoloradas corresponden tanto a procesos de biosorción como de biodegradación. En los ensayos realizados en presencia de nutrientes se alcanzaron porcentajes de remoción del 84,3 % para concentraciones de microalgas correspondientes a 0,1 unidades de absorbancia y alrededor del 90 % para concentraciones de microalgas correspondientes a 0,2 y 0,3 unidades de absorbancia; mientras que, con los ensayos realizados en ausencia de nutrientes se removieron entre un 98,4 % y 99,4 % del colorante.Abstract: The microalgae Chlorella sp. was investigated as a feasible material for biological treatment of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye solution. For this, it was examined the effect from different initial microalgae concentrations, 1,06 x 106 UFC cm-3, 2,16 x 106 UFC cm-3 y 3,30 x 106 UFC cm-3 (0,1, 0,2 y 0,3 units of absorption respectively), over solutions of 10 mg dm-3 MB, both in absence or presence of nutrients. In all events it was presented a removal of dye, that according to changes in V-VIS spectrum from decolourated solutions, they belong both to biosorption processes and biodegradation as well. In the tests developed with nutrients, we got rates of removal around 84,3 % for microalgae concentrations suitable to 0,1 absorption units around 90 % for microalgae concentrations suitable to 0,2 y 0,3 absorption units; meanwhile, in tests made without nutrients there were 98,4 % y 99,4 % of dye removed

Significados de la guerra y la paz para las víctimas del conflicto armado del área urbana y rural en los municipios de Santa Fe de Antioquia y Buriticá : estudio de caso

RESUMEN: El trabajo de grado “significados de la guerra y la paz para las víctimas del conflicto armado del área urbana y rural en los municipios de Santa fe de Antioquia y Buriticá”, surge a partir de la necesidad de entender el desconocimiento del conflicto armado en nuestra vidas cotidianas y posteriormente, las ausencias de las reflexiones académicas sobre la historia reciente de nuestra región y del país durante los proceso formativo, lo que promovió un proceso de investigación reflexiva y situada sobre este fenómeno colombiano, con la finalidad de comprender las causas y efectos que originaron la presencia hoy de altas cifras de víctimas, el abandono de los territorios y la naturalización, el silencio y aceptación de prácticas inhumanas.ABSTRACT: Work degree "meanings of war and peace to the victims of the armed conflict in the urban and rural area in the municipalities of Santa fe de Antioquia and Buritica", stems from the need to understand the ignorance of the armed conflict in our daily lives and subsequently, the absences of the academic thoughts about the recent history of our region and the country during the training process which promoted a process of reflective and located research about this Colombian phenomenon, in order to understand the causes and effects that originated the presence today of high numbers of victims, the abandonment of the territories and naturalization, silence and acceptance of inhumane practices.RESUMEN: El trabajo de grado “significados de la guerra y la paz para las víctimas del conflicto armado del área urbana y rural en los municipios de Santa fe de Antioquia y Buriticá”, surge a partir de la necesidad de entender el desconocimiento del conflicto armado en nuestra vidas cotidianas y posteriormente, las ausencias de las reflexiones académicas sobre la historia reciente de nuestra región y del país durante los proceso formativo, lo que promovió un proceso de investigación reflexiva y situada sobre este fenómeno colombiano, con la finalidad de comprender las causas y efectos que originaron la presencia hoy de altas cifras de víctimas, el abandono de los territorios y la naturalización, el silencio y aceptación de prácticas inhumanas.ABSTRACT: Work degree "meanings of war and peace to the victims of the armed conflict in the urban and rural area in the municipalities of Santa fe de Antioquia and Buritica", stems from the need to understand the ignorance of the armed conflict in our daily lives and subsequently, the absences of the academic thoughts about the recent history of our region and the country during the training process which promoted a process of reflective and located research about this Colombian phenomenon, in order to understand the causes and effects that originated the presence today of high numbers of victims, the abandonment of the territories and naturalization, silence and acceptance of inhumane practices

DFNA8/12 Caused by TECTA Mutations is the Most Identified Subtype of Non-syndromic Autosomal Dominant Hearing Loss

The prevalence of DFNA8/DFNA12 (DFNA8/12), a type of autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL), is unknown as comprehensive population-based genetic screening has not been conducted. We therefore completed unbiased screening for TECTA mutations in a Spanish cohort of 372 probands from ADNSHL families. Three additional families (Spanish, Belgian and English) known to be linked to DFNA8/12 were also included in the screening. In an additional cohort of 835 American ADNSHL families, we preselected 73 probands for TECTA screening based on audiometric data. In aggregate, we identified 23 TECTA mutations in this process. Remarkably 20 of these mutations are novel, more than doubling the number of reported TECTA ADNSHL mutations from 13 to 33. Mutations lie in all domains of the ¿-tectorin protein,including those for the first time identified in the entactin domain, the vWFD1, vWFD2 and vWFD3 repeats, and the D1-D2 and TIL2 connectors. While the majority are private mutations, four of them ¿ p.Cys1036Tyr, p.Cys1837Gly, p.Thr1866Met and p.Arg1890Cys ¿ were observed in more than one unrelated family. For two of these mutations founder effects were also confirmed. Our data validate previously observed genotype-phenotype correlations in DFNA8/12 and introduce new correlations. Specifically, mutations in the N-terminal region of ¿-tectorin (entactin domain, vWFD1 and vWFD2) lead to mid frequency NSHL, a phenotype previously associated only with mutations in the ZP domain. Collectively, our results indicate that DFNA8/12 hearing loss is a frequent type of ADNSHL. Keywords DFNA8; DFNA12; TECTA; mid-frequency hearing loss; high-frequency hearing los

Probiotic Sonicates Selectively Induce Mucosal Immune Cells Apoptosis through Ceramide Generation via Neutral Sphingomyelinase

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al.[Background]: Probiotics appear to be beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease, but their mechanism of action is incompletely understood. We investigated whether probiotic-derived sphingomyelinase mediates this beneficial effect. [Methodology/Principal Findings]: Neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase) activity was measured in sonicates of the probiotic L. brevis (LB) and S. thermophilus (ST) and the non-probiotic E. coli (EC) and E. faecalis (EF). Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) were obtained from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy volunteers, analysing LPMC and PBMC apoptosis susceptibility, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and JNK activation. In some experiments, sonicates were preincubated with GSH or GW4869, a specific NSMase inhibitor. NSMase activity of LB and ST was 10-fold that of EC and EF sonicates. LB and ST sonicates induced significantly more apoptosis of CD and UC than control LPMC, whereas EC and EF sonicates failed to induce apoptosis. Pre-stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 induced a significant and time-dependent increase in LB-induced apoptosis of LPMC and PBMC. Exposure to LB sonicates resulted in JNK activation and ROS production by LPMC. NSMase activity of LB sonicates was completely abrogated by GW4869, causing a dose-dependent reduction of LB-induced apoptosis. LB and ST selectively induced immune cell apoptosis, an effect dependent on the degree of cell activation and mediated by bacterial NSMase. [Conclusions]: These results suggest that induction of immune cell apoptosis is a mechanism of action of some probiotics, and that NSMase-mediated ceramide generation contributes to the therapeutic effects of probiotics.The funding sources included grants from Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2005-00280 and SAF2008-03676 to MS, FIS2009-00056 to AM, SAF2009-11417 to JCF), Fundación Ramón Areces (to MS), the National Institutes of Health (DK30399 and DK50984 to CF) and the Research Center for Liver and Pancreatic Diseases funded by the United States National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50 AA 11999 to JCF).Peer reviewe

Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio