A unified approach to realize universal quantum gates in a coupled two-qubit system with fixed always-on coupling

We demonstrate that in a coupled two-qubit system any single-qubit gate can be decomposed into two conditional two-qubit gates and that any conditional two-qubit gate can be implemented by a manipulation analogous to that used for a controlled two-qubit gate. Based on this we present a unified approach to implement universal single-qubit and two-qubit gates in a coupled two-qubit system with fixed always-on coupling. This approach requires neither supplementary circuit or additional physical qubits to control the coupling nor extra hardware to adjust the energy level structure. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by numerical simulation of single-qubit gates and creation of two-qubit Bell states in rf-driven inductively coupled two SQUID flux qubits with realistic device parameters and constant always-on coupling.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Supersymmetry Breaking, R-Symmetry Breaking and Metastable Vacua

Models of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking generically have an R-symmetry, which is problematic for obtaining gaugino masses and avoiding light R-axions. The situation is improved in models of metastable supersymmetry breaking, which generically have only an approximate R-symmetry. Based on this we argue, with mild assumptions, that metastable supersymmetry breaking is inevitable. We also illustrate various general issues regarding spontaneous and explicit R-symmetry breaking, using simple toy models of supersymmetry breaking.Comment: 23 page

R-symmetry breaking, runaway directions and global symmetries in O'Raifeartaigh models

We discuss O'Raifeartaigh models with general R-charge assignments, introduced by Shih to break R-symmetry spontaneously. We argue that most of these models have runaway directions related to the R-symmetry. In addition, we study the simplest model with a U(N) global symmetry and show that in a range of parameters R-symmetry is spontaneously broken in a metastable vacuum.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur

Exact Black Hole Degeneracies and the Topological String

Motivated by the recent conjecture of Ooguri, Strominger and Vafa, we compute the semi-canonical partition function of BPS black holes in N=4 and N=8 string theories, to all orders in perturbation theory. Not only are the black hole partition functions surprisingly simple; they capture the full topological string amplitudes, as expected from the OSV conjecture. The agreement is not perfect, however, as there are differences between the black hole and topological string partition functions even at the perturbative level. We propose a minimal modification of the OSV conjecture, in which these differences are understood as a nontrivial measure factor for the topological string.Comment: 24 page

Limits on Phase Separation for Two-Dimensional Strongly Correlated Electrons

From calculations of the high temperature series for the free energy of the two-dimensional t-J model we construct series for ratios of the free energy per hole. The ratios can be extrapolated very accurately to low temperatures and used to investigate phase separation. Our results confirm that phase separation occurs only for J/t greater than 1.2. Also, the phase transition into the phase separated state has Tc of approximately 0.25J for large J/t.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

Low energy physical properties of high-Tc superconducting Cu oxides: A comparison between the resonating valence bond and experiments

In a recent review by Anderson and coworkers\cite{Vanilla}, it was pointed out that an early resonating valence bond (RVB) theory is able to explain a number of unusual properties of high temperature superconducting (SC) Cu-oxides. Here we extend previous calculations \cite{anderson87,FC Zhang,Randeria} to study more systematically low energy physical properties of the plain vanilla d-wave RVB state, and to compare results with the available experiments. We use a renormalized mean field theory combined with variational Monte Carlo and power Lanczos methods to study the RVB state of an extended $t-J$ model in a square lattice with parameters suitable for the hole doped Cu-oxides. The physical observable quantities we study include the specific heat, the linear residual thermal conductivity, the in-plane magnetic penetration depth, the quasiparticle energy at the antinode $(\pi, 0)$, the superconducting energy gap, the quasiparticle spectra and the Drude weight. The traits of nodes (including $k_{F}$, the Fermi velocity $v_{F}$ and the velocity along Fermi surface $v_{2}$), as well as the SC order parameter are also studied. Comparisons of the theory and the experiments in cuprates show an overall qualitative agreement, especially on their doping dependences.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, 1 tabl

Batalin-Vilkovisky Integrals in Finite Dimensions

The Batalin-Vilkovisky method (BV) is the most powerful method to analyze functional integrals with (infinite-dimensional) gauge symmetries presently known. It has been invented to fix gauges associated with symmetries that do not close off-shell. Homological Perturbation Theory is introduced and used to develop the integration theory behind BV and to describe the BV quantization of a Lagrangian system with symmetries. Localization (illustrated in terms of Duistermaat-Heckman localization) as well as anomalous symmetries are discussed in the framework of BV.Comment: 35 page

The Structure of a Langmuir Monolayer of Methyl Eicosanoate as Determined by X‐Ray Diffraction and Brewster Angle Microscopy

Relaxed Langmuir monolayers of methyl eicosanoate were studied using Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and grazing incidence x‐ray diffraction (GIXD). The structure of the various phases in this system was determined and compared to previous isotherm and microscopy measurements. At low pressure and low temperature, a crystalline phase with tilt toward nearest neighbor, I($L^{\prime\prime}_{2}$), is observed. At a temperature of $\sim$14$^\circ$C and low pressure there is a transition to a phase with tilt toward next‐nearest neighbor, F($L^{\prime}_{2}$). Finally, as the temperature continues to be raised at low pressure, there is a transition to a phase where the two F($L^{\prime}_{2}$) peaks have the same values of $Q_{xy}$, here called the $\tau$ phase, with a Rotator IV‐like structure. At high pressure and low temperature, an untilted, orthorhombic phase, $U^{\prime}$(CS), is observed. As the temperature is increased, a second untilted, orthorhombic phase, U(S), is observed, beginning at $\sim$12$^\circ$C. Above 21$^\circ$C and at high pressure, a Rotator‐II‐like phase is seen, with an undistorted, untilted structure. Finally, results from BAM measurements are used to monitor the texture of the film in the different phases.Engineering and Applied Science