Incidencia del aumento de la temperatura, en el comportamiento del ciclo biológico de la polilla del brote del pino (Rhyacionia buoliana Den. & Schiff.) en la región del Maule

Alvear, J. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Talca. Casilla 747, Talca. Chile. Vidal, C . Docente, cátedra de Entomología y Patología Forestal, Universidad de Talca.Se estudió el comportamiento del ciclo biológico de Rhyacionia buoliana Den & Schiff en la Región del Maule, Chile. El método de grados días fue utilizado a fin de demostrar la incidencia de las temperaturas en el ciclo biológico de la polilla del brote del pino. Este estudio usó como datos de entrada las temperaturas máximas y mínimas de la estación climatológica Pencahue ubicada a 35° 22’ 19’’ de latitud sur y 71° 49’ 57’’ de longitud oeste. Para establecer los grados-días para la emergencia de adultos, de la polilla del brote, se empleó el ciclo biológico propuesto para la Región del Maule determinado por Huerta y Pérez (1997), y la utilización del método de los promedios o también conocido como método simple. Se concluye, que la duración del ciclo biológico de la polilla del brote está directamente relacionado por el aumento de las temperaturas, logrando una disminución del ciclo biológico de una semana cada 6,87 años

IRE1β negatively regulates IRE1α signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

IRE1β is an ER stress sensor uniquely expressed in epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces. Here, we show that intestinal epithelial cells expressing IRE1β have an attenuated unfolded protein response to ER stress. When modeled in HEK293 cells and with purified protein, IRE1β diminishes expression and inhibits signaling by the closely related stress sensor IRE1α. IRE1β can assemble with and inhibit IRE1α to suppress stress-induced XBP1 splicing, a key mediator of the unfolded protein response. In comparison to IRE1α, IRE1β has relatively weak XBP1 splicing activity, largely explained by a nonconserved amino acid in the kinase domain active site that impairs its phosphorylation and restricts oligomerization. This enables IRE1β to act as a dominant-negative suppressor of IRE1α and affect how barrier epithelial cells manage the response to stress at the host–environment interface

Nonlinear Realization of N=2 Superconformal Symmetry and Brane Effective Actions

Due to the incompatibility of the nonlinear realization of superconformal symmetry and dilatation symmetry with the dilaton as the compensator field, in the present paper it shows an alternative mechanism of spontaneous breaking the N=2 superconformal symmetry to the N=0 case. By using the approach of nonlinear transformations it is found that it leads to a space-filling brane theory with Weyl scale W(1,3) symmetry. The dynamics of the resulting Weyl scale invariant brane, along with that of other Nambu-Goldstone fields, is derived in terms of the building blocks of the vierbein and the covariant derivative from the Maurer-Cartan oneforms. A general coupling of the matter fields localized on the brane world volume to these NG fields is also constructed.Comment: 22 pages, more references and comments are adde

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-independent activation of unfolded protein response kinases by a small molecule ATP-mimic

Indexación: Web of ScienceTwo ER membrane-resident transmembrane kinases, IRE1 and PERK, function as stress sensors in the unfolded protein response. IRE1 also has an endoribonuclease activity, which initiates a non-conventional mRNA splicing reaction, while PERK phosphorylates eIF2α. We engineered a potent small molecule, IPA, that binds to IRE1's ATP-binding pocket and predisposes the kinase domain to oligomerization, activating its RNase. IPA also inhibits PERK but, paradoxically, activates it at low concentrations, resulting in a bell-shaped activation profile. We reconstituted IPA-activation of PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation from purified components. We estimate that under conditions of maximal activation less than 15% of PERK molecules in the reaction are occupied by IPA. We propose that IPA binding biases the PERK kinase towards its active conformation, which trans-activates apo-PERK molecules. The mechanism by which partial occupancy with an inhibitor can activate kinases may be wide-spread and carries major implications for design and therapeutic application of kinase inhibitors.https://elifesciences.org/content/4/e0543

Analysis of a marker for cancer of the thyroid with a limit of detection

Limit of detection (LoD) is a common problem in the analysis of data generated by instruments that cannot detect very small concentra- tions or other quantities, resulting in left-censored measurements. Methods intended for data that are not subject to this problem are often difficult to modify for censoring. We adapt the simulation- extrapolation method, devised originally for fitting models with measurement error, to dealing with LoD in conjunction with a mix- ture analysis. The application relates the levels of thyroglobulin in individuals with cancer of the thyroid before and after treatment with radioactive iodine I–131. We conclude that the fitted mixture components correspond to levels of effectiveness of the treatment

Dynamics of Weyl Scale Invariant non-BPS p=3 Branes

In this paper a Weyl scale invariant $p=3$ brane scenario is introduced, with the brane embedded in a higher dimensional bulk space with $N=1, 5D$ Super--Weyl symmetry. Its action, which describes its long wave oscillation modes into the ambient superspace and breaks the target symmetry down to the lower dimensional Weyl W(1,3) symmetry, is constructed by the approach of coset method.Comment: 12 pages, modified versio

La paz neoliberal: el postulado de la razón instrumental sobre la razón dialógica

This article is a critique of what I have defined as neoliberal peace, that is, peace based on instrumental reason, understood as the idea of reducing conflicts to a transactional problem. Such an idea implies that people can only find peace if they submit all spheres of their private and their public lives to the laws of supply and demand. Therefore, neoliberalism, by understanding humankind as a means to realize the ends of the market, deepens social inequalities, and thus fosters direct violence, structural violence and cultural violence. To overcome this situation, the article suggests inverting the model and striving for a peace based on dialogical rationality, in other words, a deliberative peace, based on the recognition of the other as an end and not as a means.Este documento presenta una crítica a lo que he definido como paz neoliberal, paz fundada en la racionalidad instrumental, es decir, en la idea de reducir los conflictos a un problema transaccional. Este precepto implica que el hombre sólo puede encontrar la paz si logra someter todas las esferas de su vida privada y pública a las leyes de la oferta y la demanda. En consecuencia, el neoliberalismo, al concebir la humanidad como un medio para realizar los fines del mercado, profundiza las desigualdades sociales, y por ende estimula la violencia directa, la violencia estructural y la violencia cultural. Para superar esta realidad se propone revertir el modelo y propugnar por una paz fundada en la racionalidad dialógica, en otras palabras, una paz deliberativa basada en el reconocimiento del otro como fin y no como medio

Salud y medio ambiente

Erradicación microbasurales y difusión de cultura de entornoFloraciones algales nocivas (FAN): ¿Cómo se vigilan y controlan las intoxicaciones en Chile?Medioambiente y salud en el pregrado: desafío pendienteNiveles de dioxinas y furanos en leche matern

Hypoglycemic effect of Berberis microphylla G Forst root extract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the root extract of Berberis microphylla on glucose uptake and AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in non-resistant and insulin-resistant HepG2 cells.Methods: B. microphylla root was extracted with absolute ethanol, filtered, concentrated and lyophilized. Subsequently, liver cells, HepG2 (resistant and non-insulin resistant), were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of the extract (10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 x 10-3 μg/μL) to determine the stimulation of glucose uptake and phosphorylation of AMPK.Results: In HepG2 cells without resistance exposed to B. microphylla root extract, glucose uptake varied from 34 to 59 % of the available glucose while AMPK phosphorylation was 1.9 to 3.6 times the phosphorylation of the control. In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, glucose uptake varied from 68 to 95 % of available glucose while AMPK phosphorylation was 1.8 to 3.3 times the phosphorylation of the control.Conclusion: The root extract of B. microphylla possesses hypoglycemic effects and stimulates glucose uptake in HepG2 cells with and without resistance by activating AMPK protein.Keywords: Calafate, Diabetes, Antihyperglycemic effect, Phytomedicine, Berberis, Insulin resistanc