Constraints in Adoption of Livestock Development Interventions among Livestock Farmers in Davanagere District

Livestock sector plays a crucial role in socio-economic development of farmers in rural areas, which in turn improves the national economy.  For better productivity the rural farmers need different types of information and knowledge related to different scientific managemental practices and different interventions for different problems. In this regard, the study was undertaken to assess the constraints in adoption of livestock development interventions among livestock farmers in Davanagere district. An ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. The study was conducted in ten villages of two taluks of Davanagere district and total of 100 beneficiaries were randomly selected which included 36 beneficiaries in establishment of fodder nursery, 30 beneficiaries in establishment of rural hatchery unit. Whereas, all the 100 respondents were involved in prevention and control of Sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The data was collected from the respondents through interview schedule. The collected data was coded, tabulated and analysed using suitable statistical tools. The study revealed that, majority of beneficiaries reported increased annual income and employment generation. Non-availability of fertilizers, non-availability of improved desi chicks at nearest place and high cost of veterinary medicine were the major constraints in establishment of fodder nursery, establishment of rural hatchery unit and prevention and control of SCM respectively. Thus, Sujala III project had a great scope for improving productivity; profitability and facilitated an accelerated and sustainable transformation of animal husbandry activities

Simultaneous detection of food safety hazards (Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes) in table eggs using multiplex PCR

Abstract: Foods are analyzed for food safety hazards in order to comply with food safety standards. Among food-borne pathogens Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes are recognized as major foodborne pathogens of public health significance worldwide. In the present study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used to screen for S. enterica and L. monocytogenes in table eggs collected from different markets (840 eggs). Pooled egg samples categorized as commercial and backyard eggs based on the source of collection. Collected eggs were screened for S. enterica and L. monocytogenes using mPCR assays. Conserved regions viz. invA and prfA genes were targeted for the specific detection of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, respectively. mPCR and conventional method showed same results, prevalence of S. enterica at 12.5 and 33.3 per cent in commercial and backyard eggs, respectively. While, L. monocytogenes was undetectable in commercial eggs; but, detected only in backyard table egg sample (8.3%). Present study indicated complete concordance between specific pre-enrichment mPCR and conventional cultural methods. Results of the study underscored mPCR as steadfast rapid tool for the screening of table eggs for listed food safety hazards S. enterica and L. monocytogenes in table eggs. Keywords: Eggs; Listeria; mPCR; Public Health; Salmonella</jats:p

Constraints in Adoption of Livestock Development Interventions among Livestock Farmers in Davanagere District

Livestock sector plays a crucial role in socio-economic development of farmers in rural areas, which in turn improves the national economy.  For better productivity the rural farmers need different types of information and knowledge related to different scientific managemental practices and different interventions for different problems. In this regard, the study was undertaken to assess the constraints in adoption of livestock development interventions among livestock farmers in Davanagere district. An ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. The study was conducted in ten villages of two taluks of Davanagere district and total of 100 beneficiaries were randomly selected which included 36 beneficiaries in establishment of fodder nursery, 30 beneficiaries in establishment of rural hatchery unit. Whereas, all the 100 respondents were involved in prevention and control of Sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The data was collected from the respondents through interview schedule. The collected data was coded, tabulated and analysed using suitable statistical tools. The study revealed that, majority of beneficiaries reported increased annual income and employment generation. Non-availability of fertilizers, non-availability of improved desi chicks at nearest place and high cost of veterinary medicine were the major constraints in establishment of fodder nursery, establishment of rural hatchery unit and prevention and control of SCM respectively. Thus, Sujala III project had a great scope for improving productivity; profitability and facilitated an accelerated and sustainable transformation of animal husbandry activities.</jats:p

Occupational zoonoses in zoo and wildlife veterinarians in India: A review

Zoos and biological parks are considered as a hub for public ecreation and education. This is highlighted by the fact that visitors to the zoos are increasing year by year and they generate sizeable revenue. Veterinary professionals play a pivotal role in health management of wild animals in zoos and biological parks. Since veterinarians work in close contact with wild animals, there is a potential risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases from wild animals to humans and vice versa. There are approximately 1415 infectious agents causing diseases in humans, out of which 868 (61%) are known to be zoonotic in nature. It is also important to note that more than 70% of the emerging zoonotic diseases have wild animals as reservoir hosts. The major zoonotic diseases that are transmitted from wild animals to humans include rabies, anthrax, leptospirosis, Q-fever, psittacosis, hendra virus, nipah virus, herpes B encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, etc. Hence, it is imperative for veterinarians and zoo staff to be fully aware of the knowledge pertaining to the source, transmission, pathogenicity, treatment and control of zoonotic diseases. In this manuscript, we provide key information regarding zoonotic diseases and also recommend important measures for their control and prevention. The information provided here will be highly beneficial for personnel who work in close association with wild animal

SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF siet gene IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS ISOLATEDFROM CANINE PYODERMA

Astudy was conducted on isolation, identification and characterization of staphylococcal organisms associated with the canine pyoderma. The bacteriological processing of the samples resulted in the recovery of 95 staphylococcal isolates and 18 other bacterial isolates. On culture, staphylococci were the most predominantly (n=95, 75.39%) isolated organisms. Based on nucgene-based PCR, out of 95 staphylococcal isolates obtained, 82 (86.1%) of the isolates were found belonging to S. pseudintermedius. And out of 82 S. pseudintermedius isolates, siet gene was detected in 69 (86.1%) isolates. S. pseudintermedius was found to be predominant bacterial pathogen responsible for pyoderma in dogs. Two PCR products which were amplified for nuc gene and one each of siet and mec A gene were sent for commercial sequencing and the sequence alignment revealed 99.23 per cent, 99.14 per cent, 98.98 per cent and 100 per cent, similarities with the corresponding genes of S. pseudintermedius respectively.</jats:p

MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS FROM CANINE PYODERMA IN SHIVAMOGGA REGION OF KARNATAKA

Shivamogga. Exudate/pus/lesion swabs were collected from clinical cases of canine pyoderma (n=126) and subjected to isolation and identification of bacterial isolates by phenotypic methods. The bacteriological processing of the samples resulted in the recovery of 95 staphylococcal isolates and 18 other bacterial isolates. On culture, staphylococci were the most predominantly (n=95, 75.39%) isolated organisms. The PCR was employed as molecular method in this study for the detection of species of staphylococcal isolates by targeting nuc gene and it was also used for the detection of virulence gene and antibiotic resistance gene in staphylococcal isolates by targeting siet gene and mecA gene, respectively, by using primers published earlier. One of the S. pseudintermedius isolates which confirmed by PCR and sequencing of partial nuc gene was used as positive reference strain for further screening of isolates by PCR. Based on nuc gene-based PCR, out of 95 staphylococcal isolates obtained, 82 (86.1%)of the isolates were found belonging to S. pseudintermedius. And out of 82 S. pseudintermedius isolates, siet gene was detected in 69 (86.1%) isolates. S. pseudintermedius was found to be predominant bacterial pathogen responsible for pyoderma in dogs.</jats:p

Molecular detection and antibiogram of virulent Salmonellae isolated from chicken meat

Salmonella has emerged as one of the most common and frequent pathogen associated with the food poisoning. In the present study, a total of 240 chicken meat samples were collected from retail markets of Shivamogga region; where, 13 samples were found positive for Salmonella species by genus specific PCR targeting invA virulent gene, giving an overall prevalence of 5.4%. Retail outlets (slaughter-cum-retailing units) that traditionally processed chicken meat showed higher prevalence of 7.5% (n=120); whereas, retail chicken meat originated from organized abattoirs showed prevalence of 3.3% (n=120). Among traditional retail outlets, those retail units processing multiple animal species showed higher prevalence (8.3%, n=60) of Salmonella spp. compared to those that processed chicken meat alone (6.6%, n=60). All the Salmonella species (n=13) isolated from the chicken meat possessed virulence (invA) gene indicating their potential pathogenic mechanisms and also showed varying degree of susceptibility against common antimicrobials (multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.1176 to 0.3529). High prevalence rate of Salmonella spp. has important public health concern and underscores a need for intense surveillance and monitoring of retail chicken meat and implementation of food quality assurance systems across the chicken supply chain.</jats:p