Bio prospecting of Riboflavin producing bacteria from different riboflavin enriched food sources

Riboflavin is an essential, water-soluble vitamin (B2) and a component of basic cellular metabolism. The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize riboflavin producing bacteria from different food sources. Ten different riboflavin enriched food sources were collected from Vellore district. Totally 72 bacterial strains were isolated and cultured on nutrient agar plates. Out of these, 43 strains were identified as riboflavin producers. Isolated bacterial strains HDS27, HDS07, HDS14, HDS18, HDS38 and HDS54 isolated from milk, mushroom, spinach, lamb kidney, beef liver and mackerel fish were found to be potent riboflavin producers. Based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the potent strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (HDS27), Bacillus cereus (HDS07), Delftia tsuruhatensis (HDS14), Citrobacter freundii (HDS18), Enterobacter cloacae (HDS38) and Bacillus cereus (HDS54). The selected potent isolates HDS27 from milk and HDS07 from mushroom showed a maximum riboflavin production of 3.69 mg/L and 2.9mg/L respectively. The present study explores the riboflavin producing novel bacteria from different food sources. This is the first report that the Enterobacter cloacae isolated from beef liver, Delftia tsuruhatensis from spinach and Citrobacter freundii from lamb kidney has the ability to produce riboflavin. These potent strains could be a better starter for substituting the conventional bacteria for large scale production of riboflavin in industry

In vitro Studies on Stimulation of Gymnemic Acid Production using Fungal Elicitor in Suspension and Bioreactor based Cell Cultures of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.

Gymnemic acids have become a valuable drug in diabetes treatment due to their potent antidiabetic activity. These compounds are extracted commercially from large quantities of Gymnema sylvestre. Since the intact plant contains low concentrations of active compound, plant cell cultures have employed as an alternative to produce large amounts of these secondary metabolites. Moreover using a bioelicitor the secondary metabolite production can be increased. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid system for the enhanced production of gymnemic acid. Aspergillus niger cell extract was used as an elicitor to stimulate the production of secondary metabolite. Comparatively 9 fold increase of gymnemic acid yield was obtained in elicited cultures

Studies on heavy metal removal efficiency and antibacterial activity of chitosan prepared from shrimp shell waste

Chitosan, a natural biopolymer composed of a linear polysaccharide of α (1–4)-linked 2-amino 2-deoxy β-d glucopyranose was synthesized by deacetylation of chitin, which is one of the major structural elements, that forms the exoskeleton of crustacean shrimps. The present study was undertaken to prepare chitosan from shrimp shell waste. The physiochemical properties like degree of deacetylation (74.82 %), ash content (2.28 %), and yield (17 %) of prepared chitosan indicated that that shrimp shell waste is a good source of chitosan. Functional property like water-binding capacity (1,136 %) and fat-binding capacity (772 %) of prepared chitosan are in total concurrence with commercially available chitosan. Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrum shows characteristic peaks of amide at 1,629.85 cm(−1) and hydroxyl at 3,450.65 cm(−1). X-ray diffraction pattern was employed to characterize the crystallinity of prepared chitosan and it indicated two characteristic peaks at 10° and 20° at (2θ). Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to determine the surface morphology. Heavy metal removal efficiency of prepared chitosan was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Chitosan was found to be effective in removing metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) and Cr(IV) from industrial effluent. Antibacterial activity of the prepared chitosan was also determined against Xanthomonas sp. isolated from leaves affected with citrus canker

Biosynthesis and therapeutic applications of MK-7: A comprehensive review

The fat-soluble vitamin K is an indispensable cofactor that transmutes the glutamic acid residues to -γ-carboxyglutamic residues in blood and bones. Vitamin K is further classified into three namely, Phylloquinone, Menaquinone and Menadione. Both, phylloquinone and menaquinone are naturally derived types of vitamin K while Menadione is a synthetic variant. Among the several types of vitamin K, Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) stands out because of its extended half-life. MK-7 is found to have potential therapeutic effects in preventing cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, Alzheimer and cancer. Comprehending the diverse functions of MK-7 provides valuable perspectives on its ability to enhance overall health. During microbial fermentation, certain strains are selected and improved for effective synthesis of MK-7. Researchers are investigating industrial-scale production techniques such as fermentation conditions, downstream processing, and purification methods to increase both quantity and quality. This review highlights MK-7’s diverse biological functions and industrial significance, emphasizing advancements in microbial fermentation, including strain improvement and production optimization, to enhance yield and quality

A bioprocess optimization study to enhance the production of Menaquinone-7 using Bacillus subtilis MM26

Abstract Background Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) has a vital significance in promoting human health and tackling several global health concerns which makes its production extremely important. MK-7 is not easily accessible at a reasonable cost due to the poor fermentation yields and the existence of several laborious downstream unit processes. Efficient manufacturing methods are essential to meet the global requirements due to the increasing demand in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. This research study focuses on the enhanced production of MK-7 from Bacillus subtilis MM26 isolated from fermented home-made wine. Results A suitable MK-7 production medium for Bacillus subtilis MM26 was determined and the yield was found to be 67 ± 0.6 mg/L. The one factor at a time (OFAT) results showed that medium containing lactose, glycine, with a pH 7, a temperature of 37 °C, and an inoculum size of 2.5% (2 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) was optimal synthesis of MK-7. RSM indicated that incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources were the factors significantly affecting the MK-7 yield. RSM predicted optimal conditions, which yielded a maximum concentration of 442 ± 2.08 mg/L of MK-7. Conclusions The outcomes of this study demonstrated the potential of Bacillus subtilis MM26 in large-scale industrial production of MK-7. The yield of MK-7 was amplified efficiently by integration of OFAT and RSM, paving the way for cost-efficient industrial production