Performance of Vertically Stacked Horizontal Si Nanowires Transistors: A 3D Monte Carlo / 2D Poisson Schrodinger Simulation Study

In this paper we present a simulation study of 5nm vertically stacked lateral nanowires transistor (NWTs). The study is based on calibration of drift-diffusion results against a Poisson-Schrodinger simulations for density-gradient quantum corrections, and against ensemble Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate carrier transport. As a result of these calibrated results, we have established a link between channel strain and the device performance. Additionally, we have compared the current flow in a single, double and triple vertically stacked lateral NWTs

Comparison on Accuracy of Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy Models in Predicting Growth of New Born Calf Until First Mating of Holstein Friesian Heifers

The body weight records of 1221 heifers were used in this study collected from PT Taurus DairyFarm Sukabumi from year 2001 until 2011. The records that could be used for analysis were 373 out of1221 heifers, having completed data from birth to first mating period. Three different models i.e,Logistic, Gompertz, and von Bertalanffy were performed to analyze the growth rate of heifers. Theresults showed that the three models had different accuracy and heavily depend on age, environment andduration of recording. The body weights of sexual maturity and on certain ages were affected by theduration of recording. The Gompertz model was performed as the simpliest model in form ofcalculation. On the other hand, the Logistic was more difficult to calculate. All models indicated highaccuracy with the determination coefficient (R2) more than 90%. Based on the comparison, theGompertz and Logistic model are recommended for predicting the growth rate of heifers from birth tosexual maturity

Kurva Pertumbuhan Sapi Perah Fries Hollands dari Lahir Sampai Umur Kawin Pertama dengan Model Matematika Logistic

Tujuan utama dalam pembuatan model kurva pertumbuhan adalah untuk deskripsi dan prediksi. Tujuan deskripsi merupakan upaya untuk bisa mempermudah interpretasi dari proses pertumbuhan ternak menjadi hanya beberapa parameter, sedangkan tujuan prediksi lebih fokus bagaimana metode untuk memprediksi dari beberapa parameter. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat model kurva pertumbuhan sapi perah Fries Hollands dari lahir sampai siap kawin yang sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi skala industri peternakan sapi perah. Data bobot badan sapi betina yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan hasil penimbangan bobot badan dari sapi perah Fries Hollands yang dipelihara oleh PT Taurus Dairy Farm Sukabumi dari tahun 2001 sampai 2011, sejumlah 1221 ekor, individu yang mempunyai data lengkap dari lahir sampai umur kawin pertama sebanyak 373 ekor. Sedangkan untuk data BPPTU Baturraden 214 ekor data kelahiran sampai ternak siap untuk dikawinkan pertama kali dari 2010 sampai 2011. Data dianalisis menggunakan program SAS 9.2 dengan prosedur NLIN (Non Linear). Kurva yang dihasilkan dapat dipakai sebagai standar kurva pertumbuhan sapi perah Fries Hollands di Indonesia dari lahir hingga siap kawin. Model matematik Logistic dapat dipakai untuk menduga kurva pertumbuhan karena mempunyai tingkat akurasi yang tinggi dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) lebih dari 90%

ANTIBODY POLYCLONAL PRODUCTION ON RABBIT ANTI-OVINE PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN (Rabbit anti-ovPAG)

The aim of the study was to produce polyclonal antibody (rabbit anti-ovPAG) which could detect PAG in the urine of pregnant ewes. Twelve rabbits were immunized against ovPG DEAE-TrisHCl (DT), DEAE-NaCl 20mM (DN2), DEAE-NaCl 40mM (DN4), DEAE-NaCl 80mM (DN8), DEAE-NaCl 160mM (DN16), DEAE-NaCl 320mM (DN32) and DEAE-NaCl 1M (DN1) and NaCl 0.9 % as a placebo. The 0.5 ml of isolate (purified from ovine cotyledon) was emulsified in equal volume with complete and incomplete Freud’s adjuvant. The mixture of each isolate and adjuvant was injected at mutiple sites along the dorsal area of rabbits by subcutaneous route. Blood were collected from marginal ear vein, starting before first injection (baseline) and every 14 days. Rabbit anti-ovPAG were measured using Modified ELISA Technique. By using Western Blot Technique, DN32 showed the best immune response among others and also could differenciate ovPAG in the urine of pregnant ewes It could be concluded that ovPAG DN32 is a specific source of rabbit anti-ovPAG production. Protein of ovPAG at molecular weight 31 kDa is a pregnancy protein marker of garut sheep and could be developed as a major protein for producing antibodi

Developmental research of sustainable technologies to minimise problematic road embankment settlements

Challenging, problematic and non-uniform ground conditions are a night mare to geotechnical engineers tasked with the design and construction of buildings and transport infrastructure. These often suffer undesirable structural settlements. Designing within the current understanding of geotechnics; settlement in peat and organic soils need to be recognised to include the known “primary and secondary consolidation characteristics” and the lesser known “tertiary consolidation phase”. These eventually contribute cumulatively to the consequential uneven and hazardous “bumpy road” surfaces. Undulating flexible road pavements result primarily from the transference of the heavy self-weight of the embankment fill to yielding and non-uniform subgrade. The adoption of conventional design/repair methods such as pile, vertical drain, soil replacement and soil stabilisation are expensive and inappropriate in very soft ground conditions. These then lead to unjustifiably high and repetitive maintenance costs. There being no one quick fix solution for all; pragmatic research must necessarily identify the best/progressively improved practical and sustainable solution. A viable solution is to develop criteria and explore the concept of a “masonry arch bridge structure/lintel-column structure” and adopting sustainable materials through pragmatic searching for appropriate recyclable waste materials. This will lead to the basis for a sustainable, innovative, strong, stiff, permeable composite mat structure that can be used on soft and/or yielding ground conditions. Conceptual lightweight fill technology including the popularly used expanded polystyrene (EPS) and the innovative composite mats recently being developed by the research team are outlined

KINEROS2 application for land use/cover change impact analysis at the Hulu Langat Basin, Malaysia

The impacts of land use/cover changes (LUCC) on a developed basin in Malaysia were evaluated. Three storm events in different intensities and durations were required for KINEROS2 (K2) calibration and LUCC impact analysis. K2 validation was performed using three other rainfall events. Calibration results showed excellent and very good fittings for runoff and sediment simulations based on the aggregated measure. Validation results demonstrated that the K2 is reliable for runoff modelling, while K2 application for sediment simulation was only valid for the period 1984-1997. LUCC impacts analysis revealed that direct runoff and sediment discharge increased with the progress of urban development and unmanaged agricultural activities. These observations were supported by the NDVI, landscape and hydrological trend analyses

Size reduction of selected spices using knife mill: Experimental investigation and model fitting.

The process of size reduction is significant in numerous industries to improve performance and meet specification. This research is undertaken to study the size reduction of three spices, namely cinnamon, coriander and star anise as influenced by loading weight and grinding time. Grinding was conducted in a knife mill. The dependent variables used for assessing performance were grinding efficiency, size reduction ratio and grinding rate. Simple experimental model was built using Microsoft Excel for showing the relationship between cumulative size reduction function (Bij) and selectivity function (Si) with the physical properties like density, moisture content and hardness of spices used. It was observed that there was a gradual decrease in size of spices up to grinding of 1 min and then became constant. Among the three spices, cinnamon achieved the highest size reduction as evaluated by efficiency, size reduction rate and size reduction ratio. The optimum loading weight for grinding was found 30 g irrespective of the type of spices. The data of cumulative size reduction function, selectivity and particle size fitted to second-order polynomial equation with the highest goodness of fit. This study indicated that the size reduction/grinding using knife mill was greatly influenced by physical properties of spices among the factors studied

Evaluation on physico-chemical properties of pink guava puree residue as bioresource

Pink Guava Puree (PGP) factory produces tons of residues from its unit operation [refiner (R), siever (S), and decanter (D)]. These residues represent a waste of nutrients and can contribute to environmental problem. However, it can benefit related industries if the properties of the residues are known. Thus, this research aims to determine the compositions of the residues from PGP processing factory in order to evaluate possible value-added by-product and energy sources. The residues from each unit operation were being tested for proximate composition, dietary fibre components, pH value, emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsifying stability (ES), carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and sugar analysis. The sugar content was analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-RI detector). Results showed that the residues have good composition of carbohydrate (11.82–12.18%), and thus potential as carbon source and can be a good substrate for fermentation. These residues may also benefit the food industry as a good source of dietary fibre (18.63–29.86%). The pH value for these PGP residues is 4; thus they were considered as acidic food by-product. The low pH value also contributed to the low EA and ES value other than the low content of protein in the sample. C/N ratio for PGP residue from R (46:1) is the lowest compared to the C/N ratio from S (84:1) and D (115:1). The amount of sugars detected in the PGP residues in descending order were fructose > glucose > sucrose

Friction and wear phenomena of vegetable oil based lubricants with additives at severe sliding wear conditions

The tribological responses of palm oil and soybean oil, combined with two commercial antiwear additives (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and boron compound), were investigated at a lubricant temperature of 100 °C and under severe contact conditions in a reciprocating sliding contact. The friction coefficient of palm oil with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate was closest to the commercial mineral engine oil, with a 2% difference. The soybean oil with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate produced a 57% improvement in wear resistance compared to its pure oil state. The existence of boron nitride in vegetable oils was only responsive in reduction of wear rather than friction. The response of commercial antiwear additives with vegetable oils showed a potential for the future improvement in the performance of vegetable oils

The effect of Ni catalyst on the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by PECVD method

In this paper, the effect of nickel (Ni) catalyst on the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied where the CNTs were vertically grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. The growth conditions were fixed at a temperature of 700°C with a pressure of 1000mTorr for 40 minutes with various thicknesses of sputtered Ni catalyst. Experimental results show that high density of CNTs was observed especially towards thicker catalyst layers where larger and taller nanotubes were formed. The growth rate increases by ~0.7 times with increasing catalyst thickness from 4nm to 10nm. The nucleation of the catalyst with various thicknesses was also studied as the absorption of the carbon feedstock is dependent on the initial size of the catalyst island. From the Raman results, we found that only slight variation in the intensity ratio of G-band over D-band as increasing catalyst thicknesses. The minor difference in G/D ratio indicates that the catalyst thickness does not significantly influence the quality of CNTs grown