Variabilidade Genética Em Populações De Rottboellia Cochinchinensis Na Cultura Da Cana-de-açúcar

The hypothesis assumed was the existence of biotypes within populations, which has been the cause of difficulties in itchgrass control by farmers. For that, the genetic variability of three populations of Rottboellia cochinchinensis in sugarcane fields in the state of São Paulo was investigated by using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Six primers were used to obtain molecular characterization data. AFLP gels were analyzed based on marker presence (1) and absence (0). Using NTSYs (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) software, the genetic similarity was calculated by the Jaccard coefficient and, from that, a dendrogram was built through the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic averages) method, besides determining the isopolymorphic marks. The average genetic similarities seen in the region was 0.742 for Igarapava, 0.793 for Mococa and 0.808 for Piracicaba. Between regions it was 0.730 (Igarapava vs Mococa), 0.735 (Mococa vs Piracicaba) and 0.694 (Igarapava vs Piracicaba). In line with the dendrogram, it is possible to detect the formation of two groups, one with 8 plants from Igarapava and Mococa and the other with 21 plants from Igarapava, Mococa and Piracicaba, as well as the presence of 1 discriminant individual from Piracicaba. It can be concluded that the genetic similarity among itchgrass populations from the state of São Paulo was high (72%), which denotes that the difficulties in chemical management are not only due to different biotypes but also due to other characteristics linked to tolerance of the species to herbicides. However, biotype existence cannot be discarded because of the polymorphic marks generating 22% average genetic variability. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira da Ciencia das Plantas Daninha. All rights reserved.34347548

Tolerância de diferentes cultivares de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) A herbicidas

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a tolerância de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar aos herbicidas sulfentrazone, imazapic, isoxaflutole, clomazone e ametryn+trifloxysulfuronsodium. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os cultivares foram alocados nas parcelas, e os herbicidas, nas subparcelas, constituídas por cinco linhas de 8 m, espaçadas de 1,5 m. Os cultivares utilizados foram: IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-2101, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94-4004, IAC86-2480 e RB72454. Os tratamentos herbicidas foram constituídos por sulfentrazone (0,8 kg ha-1), imazapic (0,147 kg ha-1), isoxaflutole (0,1125 kg ha-1), clomazone (1,1 kg ha-1) e ametryn (1,463 kg ha-1) + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0,037 kg ha-1), aplicados em pós-emergência sobre as socas da cana de ano no seu terceiro corte. Avaliaram-se, nas três linhas centrais de cada subparcela, os sintomas visuais de toxicidade nas folhas; teor de clorofila total e eficiência fotoquímica (Fv/Fm) aos 15, 30 e 60 dias após aplicação (DAA); altura (cm) aos 30 e 270 DAA; e estande de plantas (colmos m-1) aos 30 e 180 DAA. Aos 270 DAA foram avaliados o diâmetro (cm), a estimativa de produtividade (t ha-1) e os demais parâmetros qualitativos. Os cultivares de cana-de-açúcar IACSP94-2094, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94-4004, IAC86-2480 e RB72454, especialmente IACSP94-2101, foram suscetíveis ao herbicida clomazone até os 30 dias após aplicação, por apresentarem manchas cloróticas nas folhas e menor teor de clorofila, porém com posterior recuperação, sem que houvesse comprometimento da produtividade e das características tecnológicas. Os cultivares também apresentaram elevado grau de tolerância aos herbicidas estudados.This work aimed to evaluate the tolerance of sugarcane cultivars to sulfentrazone, imazapic, isoxaflutole, clomazone and ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme. The cultivars were allocated to the plots and the herbicides to the sub-plots (five 8.0 m long rows and 1.5 m spacing, with 4 repetitions. The herbicides sulfentrazone (0.8 kg ha-1), imazapic (0.147 kg ha-1), isoxaflutole (0.1125 kg ha-1), clomazone (1.1 kg ha-1), ametryn (1.463 kg ha-1) + trifloxysulfuron sodium (0.037 kg ha-1) and control were evaluated on 3-yr-old ratoons of the cultivars IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-2101, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94-4004, IAC86-2480 and RB72454 in post emergence. The traits evaluated were: plant toxicity symptoms in the plant leaves; total chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) at 15, 30 and 60 days after application (DAA); height (cm) at 30 and 270 DAA, and plant stand (stalk m-1) at 30 and 180 DAA. Diameter (cm), estimated productivity (t ha-1) and quality analysis were evaluated at 270 DAA. The sugarcane cultivars IACSP94-2094, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94-4004, IAC86-2480, RB72454, and IACSP94-2101 especially, were susceptible to clomazone up to 30 DAA, due to leaf chlorosis and lower chlorophyll content, but had no effect on quality characteristics and productivity. The cultivars were also tolerant to other herbicides

Tolerância de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas avaliada pela diferença dos tratamentos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância dos cultivares RB855453, RB845257, SP90(-3)414, SP90(-1)638, SP89(-1)115, SP81(-3)250, IAC91-2218 e IAC91-5155 de cana-de-açúcar em pós-emergência inicial quanto à aplicação dos herbicidas sulfentrazone + diuron + hexazinone, metsulfuron-methyl + sulfentrazone, diuron + hexazinone + clomazone, metribuzin + diuron + hexazinone, diuron + hexazinone + MSMA e ametryn + trifloxysulfuronsodium + diuron + hexazinone, utilizando-se da diferença com a testemunha pareada, considerando a minimização da área experimental. O experimento foi conduzido assumindo que as testemunhas pareadas ao respectivo tratamento facilitam a avaliação da tolerância dos cultivares aos tratamentos herbicidas. A instalação do experimento foi em blocos casualizados, utilizando-se o esquema fatorial 8 (cultivares) x 6 (herbicidas). As parcelas foram constituídas por seis linhas de cana-de-açúcar, sendo uma linha central destinada ao tratamento herbicida (TH) e outra à testemunha pareada (TP); as demais linhas foram usadas como bordaduras. Para verificar se as diferenças médias (TP-TH) não diferem de zero, utilizouse a estatística t= (TP-TH)/((QMRes/n)1/2 ou, de forma equivalente, a diferença mínima significativa com zero, dms0(TP-TH)=|t/( (QMRes/n)1/2)|, em que QMRes é o quadrado médio da análise de variância (com 47 graus de liberdade e pThe objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of the sugarcane cultivars RB855453, RB845257, SP90(-3)414, SP90(-1)638, SP89(-1)115, SP81(-3)250, IAC91- 2218 and IAC91-5155 at early post-emergence after application of sulfentrazone + diuron + hexazinone; sulfentrazone + metsulfuron-methyl, diuron + hexazinone + clomazone; metribuzin + diuron + hexazinone, diuron + hexazinone + MSMA; and ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium + diuron + hexazinone, using the difference with the paired control. It was assumed that the control paired to the respective treatments can facilitate the evaluation of the cultivars' tolerance to the herbicide treatments. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, using the factorial 8 (cultivars) x 6 (herbicides). The plots consisted of six rows of sugarcane, with a central line for the treatment herbicide (TH) and a matched control (TP), with the other lines being used as borders. To check whether the mean differences (TP-TH) did not differ from zero, the following statistics was used: t = (TP-TH)/((QMRes/n)1/2 or, equivalently, the least significant difference of zero, dms0 (TP TH) =|t/((QMRes/n)1/2)|, where QMRes is the mean square analysis of variance (with 47degrees of freedom and p<0.05, t=2), n represents the number of repetitions of their average, 2 to compare the herbicides in a single cultivar, and 2x6 =12 to compare the overall mean of the cultivars. According to the methodology proposed, the cultivars were tolerant to the association of herbicides without any negative effect on yield and quality of the final raw material, although there were initial differences between the cultivars related to toxicity, chlorophyll content, and plant height