Physical activity, screen time and dietary behaviours in New Zealand adolescents prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Insufcient physical activity, high screen time, and unhealthy dietary patterns among adolescents may have worsened during the pandemic, but data are lacking. This study compared physical activity, screen time and fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, 5–6 years before (Study 1) and during (Study 2) the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Adolescents completed an online survey as part of the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) studies in 2014/2015 (Study 1; n=1,266; age: 15.3±1.4 years; 54.6% female) and 2021/2022 (Study 2; n=819; age: 15.2±1.4 years; 47.4% female). The proportion of adolescents meeting guidelines for physical activity (≥60 min/ day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), outside school screen time (≤2 h/day) and fruit and vegetable intake (>1 serving/day for both fruit and vegetables) was calculated. Data were analysed using multivariable linear and logistic regression modelling. Results Few adolescents met recommended health behaviour guidelines. Compared to Study 1, significantly greater proportions of adolescents at Study 2 met guidelines for physical activity (16.7% vs. 23.1%; p<0.001) and out-side school screen time (13.3% vs. 18.3%; p<0.001) while fruit and vegetable intake was not different (29.6% vs. 27.0%; p=0.322). Compared to Study 1, average outside school screen time at Study 2 was lower on both weekdays (5.0±2.9 vs. 4.6±2.9; p<0.001) and weekend days (6.9±3.5 vs. 6.1±3.6 h/day; p<0.001). Reported frequency of consuming sweets was higher and soft drinks lower at Study 2 versus Study 1. Conclusions Despite observed higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of outside school screen time during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic levels, few adolescents met health behaviour guidelines at both time points. Therefore, comprehensive health promotion that aims to improve physical activity levels, screen time and dietary patterns for adolescents is still necessary to prevent chronic health conditions adulthood</p

The Implementation of Sustainability Reporting in SGR Group: Some Challenges of Transition from Greenwashing to Relational Change

The implementation of sustainability reporting entails contradictory elements that can involve greenwashing or corporate governance procedures modifications, as well as the mission and accounting system of a company. Based on the premise in this paper, the authors show the end of a first step of research process and answer the question: How does the introduction of a Sustainability Report (SR) transform mission, governance and accountability of enterprises? Attention is focused on the implications of the process of social and sustainable accountability with respect to the values order, structure and tools of governance, and those used to account for and hold the stakeholders accountable for the results, modality, and objectives which characterize the accountability of corporate activity. The deductive research approach is based on an analysis of the literature regarding sustainability development and sustainability reporting. The inductive method is based on the analysis of a research case related to an Italian multi-utility company: SGR Group. The analysis carried out focused on features of the sustainability process started by the company and interpreted it as the challenge launched by the Group to contribute to create, through its own activities, a civil economy which is typical of the corporate culture of responsibility and sustainable market economy built on the civil corporation