Complete classification of purely magnetic, non-rotating and non-accelerating perfect fluids

Recently the class of purely magnetic non-rotating dust spacetimes has been shown to be empty (Wylleman, Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 2727). It turns out that purely magnetic rotating dust models are subject to severe integrability conditions as well. One of the consequences of the present paper is that also rotating dust cannot be purely magnetic when it is of Petrov type D or when it has a vanishing spatial gradient of the energy density. For purely magnetic and non-rotating perfect fluids on the other hand, which have been fully classified earlier for Petrov type D (Lozanovski, Class. Quant. Grav. 19, 6377), the fluid is shown to be non-accelerating if and only if the spatial density gradient vanishes. Under these conditions, a new and algebraically general solution is found, which is unique up to a constant rescaling, which is spatially homogeneous of Bianchi type $VI_0$, has degenerate shear and is of Petrov type I($M^\infty)$ in the extended Arianrhod-McIntosh classification. The metric and the equation of state are explicitly constructed and properties of the model are briefly discussed. We finally situate it within the class of normal geodesic flows with degenerate shear tensor.Comment: 12 pages; introduction partly rewritten, notation made more clear, table of results adde

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INDONESIA ANAK TUNARUNGU KELAS I DI SDLB

Abstract: Loss of hearing ability in children with hearing impairment results in deaf children experiencing obstacles in language development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pembelajan cooperative model of Make A Match against Indonesian vocabulary comprehension of deaf children in SDLB-B Karya Mulia II Surabaya. The subjects of this study are students of hearing impaired class I as many as eight students. This study used quantitative research methods, the design of Pre-Experimental Design with the kind of One-group pretest-posttest design. Data collected by using the test, Using the techniques of non-parametric statistical data analysis, according to the formula Wilcoxon Match Pair Test result shows the average value of 40.38 pretest and posttest average value of 69.93. While the results of data analysis showed that the value of zt = 1.96 and zh = 2.52 then the interprestation of Ha> Ho. So we can conclude Ha accepted, meaning that there is the influence of cooperative learning model of Make A Match tpie against Indonesian vocabulary comprehension of deaf children in SLB-B Karya Mulia II Surabaya.   Keywords: Make A Match, understanding the vocabulary of Indonesia

PHILOSOPHY WITH CHILDREN AND EDUCATION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS – including workshop examples1

Philosophy with children officially begins with Matthew Lipman who initiated it in the 1970s. He was prompted to do so by the fact that his students struggled with critical thinking. This encouraged him to establish the Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children at Montclair State University. Even though the movement has faced some criticism, it continues to spread around the world. The reason for this are the methods used, i.e. stories, games, conversations, questions, etc., as well as the topics analysed. Philosophy with children addresses numerous topics, while this paper will focus on human rights, more specifically, what human rights are, what the most important human rights are, and how they might be violated. In order to make this subject matter more accessible to children, at the end of the paper, an overview of two workshops is given, which may be applied to the subject of human rights in practicing philosophy with children

"Akitlerde İtibar Maksatlara ve Manalaradır, Lafizlara ve Kalıplara Değildir" Kaidesi ve Bankacılık İşlemlerinde Bazı Güncel Uygulamalar

تُعدّ القواعد الفقهية الوعاءَ الواسع الذي يهرع إليه الفقيه والمجتهد لما تحويه هذه القواعدُ من الفروع والمسائل العلمية ومآخذِ الأحكام، وهي من أهمِّ ما يمكن الرجوعُ له ويساعد في معرفة حكمِ النوازل الفقهية المعاصرة من الموروث الفقهي؛ حيث إنّ النوازل الفقهية المعاصرة ليس لها في الغالب أصلٌ صريح في الكتاب والسنة وحكمٌ في أقوال السلف، وهذه القواعد خيرُ إسعافٍ للفقهاء والمفتين في حلّ ما يَعِنُّ لهم من قضايا مستجدَّة، كما أنها مرجع لكلّ ناظرٍ يجتهد في أحكام ما يجدُّ من حوادثَ وواقعات، ولها دور واضح وأثر عظيم في حركة التشريع الإسامي، ل لتصبح بمثابة أسسٍ يُبنى عليها التشريعُ، وقانونٍ يُستند إليه عند الخاف. ل وعلى رأس تلك القواعد التي يلجأ إليها الفقيهُ في التعرف على أحكام النوازل المعاصرة قاعدةُ "العبرة في العقود للمعاني والمقاصد لا للألفاظ والمباني"، فهي محلُّ الاستنادِ والاعتبار في كثير من القضايا المعاصرة الناشئة عن واقع الاقتصاد الإسامي اليوم.Fıkıh kaideleri, içermiş olduğu konular, bilimsel meseleler ve hükümlerin çıkış noktaları itibariyle, İslam hukukçusu ve müçtehidin hızla başvurduğu geniş bir havuz sayılır. Bu kaideler; güncel hukuksal konularda kendisine başvurulabilen ve bu konuların hükmünü bilmeye yardımcı olan en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Zira güncel fıkıh meseleleriyle ilgili Kur’an, sünnet ve selefin sözlerinde genellikle açık bir nas hüküm bulunmamaktadır. Bu kurallar, İslam hukukçuları ve müftülerin karşılarına çıkan yeni sorunları çözmek için destek buldukları ideal bir acil yardım görevini üstlenirken, ortaya çıkan yeni olay ve vakıaların hükümlerinde içtihat yapan her araştırmacı için bir referans teşkil ederler. Bu kaideler; İslami yasama faaliyetlerinin temelini oluşturmak ve ihtilaf anında başvurulabilecek kanunlar mesabesinde olmak suretiyle, İslami yasama faaliyetlerinde açık ve büyük bir rol ve etkiye sahiptirler. Fakih tarafından modern ve güncel olayların tanımlanmasında müracaat edilen kuralların başında “"Akitlerde itibar maksatlara ve manalaradır, lafizlara ve kalıplara değildir" kuralı gelmektedir. Bu kural, günümüz İslam ekonomisinin gerçeğinden doğan modern birçok konuda, itimat ve itibar noktası teşkil etmektedir.Jurisprudence rules are the great source that the jurist and the diligent rush to, because of the branches, legislative secrets and rulings sources contained in these rules. It is one of the most important rules that can be referred to and helps to know the ruling on contemporary jurisprudential issues from the jurisprudential inheritance, as contemporary jurisprudential issues often do not have an explicit ruling in the Book, the Sunnah and the sayings of the predecessors. These rules are the best aid for the jurists and muftis in resolving emerging issues that are intended for them, and they are a reference for every beholder who strives in the rulings of what he finds in terms of accidents and facts. It has a clear role and a great impact in the movement of Islamic legislation, as it become a basis upon which legislation is built, and a law upon which to base disagreements. On top of those rules that the jurist resort to in recognizing the rulings of contemporary issues is the rule of " The criterion in (the construction of) contracts is intentions and meanings and not words and forms", for it is the subject of reference and consideration in many contemporary issues arising from the reality of Islamic economics today

Improvised Peritoneal Dialysis in an 18-month-old Child with Severe Acute Malnutrition (kwashiorkor) and Acute kidney Injury: A Case Report.

Severe acute malnutrition is common in developing countries. Children with severe acute malnutrition are prone to complications, including electrolyte imbalance and infections. Our patient was an 18-month-old boy who had severe acute malnutrition (kwashiorkor) and developed acute kidney injury, which was managed with peritoneal dialysis using improvised equipment. This case report illustrates the importance of improvisation in resource-limited settings in providing lifesaving treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on peritoneal dialysis in a child with severe acute malnutrition (kwashiorkor). We report a case of an 18-month-old Bantu-African Tanzanian boy who had severe malnutrition and developed anuric acute kidney injury. He had severe renal dysfunction and was managed with peritoneal dialysis using an improvised catheter and bedside constituted fluids (from intravenous fluids) and was diuretic after 7 days of peritoneal dialysis, with complete recovery of renal functions after 2 weeks. Children with severe acute malnutrition who develop acute kidney injury should be offered peritoneal dialysis, which may be provided using improvised equipment in resource-limited settings, as illustrated in this case report

Collective Animal Behavior from Bayesian Estimation and Probability Matching

Animals living in groups make movement decisions that depend, among other factors, on social interactions with other group members. Our present understanding of social rules in animal collectives is based on empirical fits to observations and we lack first-principles approaches that allow their derivation. Here we show that patterns of collective decisions can be derived from the basic ability of animals to make probabilistic estimations in the presence of uncertainty. We build a decision-making model with two stages: Bayesian estimation and probabilistic matching.
In the first stage, each animal makes a Bayesian estimation of which behavior is best to perform taking into account personal information about the environment and social information collected by observing the behaviors of other animals. In the probability matching stage, each animal chooses a behavior with a probability given by the Bayesian estimation that this behavior is the most appropriate one. This model derives very simple rules of interaction in animal collectives that depend only on two types of reliability parameters, one that each animal assigns to the other animals and another given by the quality of the non-social information. We test our model by obtaining theoretically a rich set of observed collective patterns of decisions in three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, a shoaling fish species. The quantitative link shown between probabilistic estimation and collective rules of behavior allows a better contact with other fields such as foraging, mate selection, neurobiology and psychology, and gives predictions for experiments directly testing the relationship between estimation and collective behavior

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INDONESIA ANAK TUNARUNGU KELAS I DI SDLB

Abstract: Loss of hearing ability in children with hearing impairment results in deaf children experiencing obstacles in language development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pembelajan cooperative model of Make A Match against Indonesian vocabulary comprehension of deaf children in SDLB-B Karya Mulia II Surabaya. The subjects of this study are students of hearing impaired class I as many as eight students. This study used quantitative research methods, the design of Pre-Experimental Design with the kind of One-group pretest-posttest design. Data collected by using the test, Using the techniques of non-parametric statistical data analysis, according to the formula Wilcoxon Match Pair Test result shows the average value of 40.38 pretest and posttest average value of 69.93. While the results of data analysis showed that the value of zt = 1.96 and zh = 2.52 then the interprestation of Ha> Ho. So we can conclude Ha accepted, meaning that there is the influence of cooperative learning model of Make A Match tpie against Indonesian vocabulary comprehension of deaf children in SLB-B Karya Mulia II Surabaya.   Keywords: Make A Match, understanding the vocabulary of Indonesia