Third-Party Rivalry and the Green Vote in the 2019 Federal Election

AbstractThe Green Party of Canada (GPC) did not elect new candidates in BC in the 2019 federal election even though climate change was an important issue to voters.   This paper uses survey results from the 2019 Canadian Election Study, including a module designed by the author and interviews with GPC candidates. GPC’s third-party rival, the New Democratic Party (NDP), gave a false impression that GPC members were as socially and fiscally conservative as some members of the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC). The author’s module shows women are more fearful than men that women’s right to have an abortion could be challenged if party discipline were relaxed. Though it would be highly unlikely for a GPC candidate or MP to hold an anti-abortion position, the NDP planted seeds of doubt in the minds of young female voters who tended to be the ones more likely to consider voting Green.RésuméLe Parti vert du Canada (PVC) n’a pas élu de nouveaux candidats en Colombie Britannique à l’élection fédérale de 2019, même si le changement climatique était un enjeu majeur pour les électeurs. Ce document utilise les résultats du sondage de l’Étude électorale canadienne de 2019, incluant un module créé par l’autrice et des entrevues avec les candidats du PVC. Le Nouveau Parti démocratique (NPD), qui rivalise le PVC pour devenir le plus important des tiers  partis à la Chambre des communes, a donné la fausse impression que les membres du PVC étaient aussi conservateurs, sur les plans sociaux et financiers, que certains membres du Parti Conservateur du Canada (PCC). Le module de l’autrice démontre que les femmes craignent plus que les hommes que le droit des femmes à l'avortement puisse être remis en cause si la discipline du parti était assouplie. Bien qu’il soit très peu probable qu’un candidat ou un député du PVC présente une position contre l'avortement, le NPD a semé des graines de doute dans l’esprit des jeunes électrices qui ont tendance à être celles qui sont le plus susceptibles à voter pour le Parti vert.Key Word: 2019 federal election,  Green Party of Canada (GPC),  Green Party of Canada election campaign in British Columbia (BC),  Maurice Pinard’s theory on political openings for third partiesMots-clés : élections fédérales Canadiennes de 2019, la théorie de Maurice Pinard concernant la percée des tiers partis, campagne électorale du Parti verte de Canada (PVC) en Colombie-Britannique (CB

Leaving the Minors : The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand and the 2011 General Election

The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand has emerged as a successful environmentally focused party with a solid base. The 2011 General Election represented a high-point for the party, distancing it from the other minor parties. This article explores examples of factors affecting the success of Green parties, and examines the strategy of the New Zealand Green Party prior to the 2011 election. The findings indicate that the party has developed stable support through the development of a consistent policy base and pragmatic approach to its role in parliament. This has allowed the Greens to establish a position following the 2011 election as the third party in New Zealand politics

Individuality in John Locke and John Stuart Mill: a response to Michael J. Sandel

This thesis examines from a philosophical and theoretical standpoint, the validity of the communitarian claim that liberalism promotes an abstract, asocial, and atomistic conception of the self. To better understand the inner logic of Lockean and Millian arguments, I analyse 'individuality' the concept at the centre of the dispute between liberals and communitarians. The thesis illustrates the essentially contested nature of this concept, and the complexity and diversity of the liberal tradition which has been generally overlooked by communitarian critics. Locke's conception of individuality is morphological because it emphasises how an individual assisted by the right kind of education constructs his individuality through deliberation and self-control. In contrast to Sandel's self which cannot distance itself from its obligations and situations, Locke's individual is aware of and assisted by his constitutive attachments but can stand apart from them and critically evaluate them. Reflecting in part the influence of the German Romantics, Mill's conception of individuality is holistic as it strives for completeness of character. In comparison to the static depiction of the self in the liberal-communitarian debate, his conception involves spontaneous development of the individual's unique potential. Communitarians assert that the liberal emphasis on plurality and liberty comes at the expense of securing a conception of the good. Liberty enhances for Locke and Mill the sincerity of beliefs and the authenticity of opinions. Their conceptions of individuality are instrumental in the flourishing of society and are intrinsic to human excellence and virtue. A recognition of the distinctiveness and diversity of human existence facilitates greater social harmony and cooperation.Arts, Faculty ofPolitical Science, Department ofGraduat