A Door of Hope re-opened : the Fifth Monarchy, King Charles and King Jesus

A Door of Hope was the manifesto of the Fifth Monarchists’ desperate uprising in London in January 1661, a few months after the Restoration of Charles II. While the rising itself is well known, its manifesto has never been examined in detail. Probably based on a sermon to Venner’s congregation, it displays a defiant conviction that the Restoration could be understood as part of God’s providential plan, the next step towards the imminent kingdom of Christ on earth. But it also reaches out to a much wider constituency, all the supporters of the “Good Old Cause”, offering a programme that might appeal to many radicals. And the author draws on secular, republican discourse to buttress his apocalyptic claims, revealing close links between even the most extreme Fifth Monarchists and wider currents of interregnum radicalism

Gender and the Culture of the English Alehouse in Late Stuart England

The world of the alehouse and tavern in early modern England has generally been regarded as primarily male, a view that was deeply embedded in the period itself. This essay explores the place of women within the public house, in serving, buying and consuming alcohol, and the unwritten conventions that underpinned social practice. It argues that while some female customers matched their contemporary image, as disorderly, immoral and dishonest, it was also possible for respectable women to visit a tavern or alehouse without risking their good name, provided they adhered to the conventions. Middling-sort and elite women might drink and dine in London taverns with their husbands, or in mixed parties; throughout England married couples, and mixed groups of young folk, might drink, dance, and socialise; marketwomen might assemble at the end of the day, and chapwomen often lodged overnight. And, at least in London, respectable women might enter a public house alone, by day, without meeting disapproval. Many establishments provided private as well as public rooms, and these created social spaces for female customers, couples and mixed parties, serving different needs than those met within the main public space

A Little Knowledge Can Be a Dangerous Thing - State of New Jersey v. Robertson & Mens Rea in the Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act of 1987

State of New Jersey v. Robertson was the first case to have interpreted the mens rea requirement in the criminal provisions of the Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act of 1987. The Superior Court, Appellate Division, unlike a majority of the courts that have examined criminal provisions of environmental statutes, held that a defendant\u27s knowledge of the illegality of his acts was a necessary element in a criminal prosecution under this Act. This Case Note asserts that the decision in Robertson was improper and inconsistent with the background principles of criminal law, and that the criminal provisions of the Act should have been analyzed in light of the public welfare doctrine

Universality of the Network and Bubble Topology in Cosmological Gravitational Simulations

Using percolation statistics we, for the first time, demonstrate the universal character of a network pattern in the real space, mass distributions resulting from nonlinear gravitational instability of initial Gaussian fluctuations. Percolation analysis of five stages of the nonlinear evolution of five power law models reveals that all models show a shift toward a network topology if seen with high enough resolution. However, quantitatively, the shift is significantly different in different models: the smaller the spectral index ,n, the stronger the shift. On the contrary, the shift toward the "bubble" topology is characteristic only for the n <= -1 models. We find that the mean density of the percolating structures in the nonlinear density distributions generally is very different from the density threshold used to identify them and corresponds much better to a visual impression. We also find that the maximum of the number of structures (connected regions above or below a specified density threshold) in the evolved, nonlinear distributions is always smaller than in Gaussian fields with the same spectrum, and is determined by the effective slope at the cutoff frequency.Comment: The paper is 26 pages long. The latex file uses aasms.sty as a style file. There are 5 figures and 2 tables included

Evidence for Filamentarity in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey

We apply Shapefinders, statistical measures of `shape' constructed from two dimensional partial Minkowski functionals, to study the degree of filamentarity in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS). In two dimensions, three Minkowski functionals characterise the morphology of an object, they are: its perimeter (L), area (S), and genus. Out of L and S a single dimensionless Shapefinder Statistic, F can be constructed (0 <=F <=1). F acquires extreme values on a circle (F = 0) and a filament (F = 1). Using F, we quantify the extent of filamentarity in the LCRS by comparing our results with a Poisson distribution with similar geometrical properties and having the same selection function as the survey. Our results unambiguously demonstrate that the LCRS displays a high degree of filamentarity both in the Northern and Southern galactic sections a result that is in general agreement with the visual appearance of the catalogue. It is well known that gravitational clustering from Gaussian initial conditions gives rise to the development of non-Gaussianity reflected in the formation of a network-like filamentary structure on supercluster scales. Consequently the fact that the smoothed LCRS catalogue shows properties consistent with those of a Gaussian random field (Colley 1997) whereas the unsmoothed catalogue demonstrates the presence of filamentarity lends strong support to the conjecture that the large scale clustering of galaxies is driven by gravitational instability.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Craniometric variation among Brazilian and Scottish populations: a physical anthropology approach

The present investigation intended to compare the craniometric variations of two samples of different nationalities (Brazilian and Scottish). Materials and methods: The Brazilian sample consisted of 100 modern complete skulls, including 53 female skulls and 47 male skulls, and the Scottish sample consisted of 100 historical skulls (61 males, 39 females) and 36 mandibles (24 males, 12 females). The cranial measurement protocol was composed of 40 measurements, 11 bilateral and 29 unilateral, and the measurement protocol of the mandible was composed of 15 measurements, with six that were bilateral and nine that were unique. The comparative analysis of the metric variability between the two samples was performed using the means and medians analysis, the t-test, the Wilcoxon test, and the coefficient of variance, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that, among the 72 analysed variables, 44 measurements (61.11%) presented statistical differences between the samples. The Scottish skull tends to have a cranial length (GOL diff=5.53), breadth (XCB diff=3.78) and height (NPH diff=5.33) greater than the Brazilian skulls, and the Scottish mandibles tend to show a higher mandibular ramus height (MRH diff=9.25), a higher mandibular body height (HMB diff=6.37) and a larger bigonial breadth (BGB diff=5.29) than the Brazilians. The discriminant analysis of the 51 cranial measurements and 21 mandibular measurements showed a variation of the percentage of accuracy between 46.3- 83.8%. Conclusion: The metric analysis demonstrated that there is variability between the two samples studied (61.11%), but a concrete cause cannot be determined considering the multifactorial aspects of the variations of form and size

Resposta inflamatória tecidual da implantação de hidróxido de cálcio e iodofórmio em dorso de ratos

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the inflammatory reaction caused by the implantation of iodoform and calcium hydroxide in the back of rats. These drugs may be used as intracanal dressings to eliminate residual bacteria of the root canal system. METHODS: Twenty albinic rats (Rattus norvegicus, var Wistar) were divided into four groups: control group 1 (CG1) had normal skin; control group 2 (CG2) had wounded tissue without drugs; in groups 3 and 4, iodoform (IG) and calcium hydroxide (CHG) were inserted into the wounds, respectively. After 3, 5 and 11 days, slices of the implanted areas were macroscopically and microscopically observed regarding to their qualitative and quantitative aspects. RESULTS: In the macroscopical analysis, the CHG showed a large area of necrosis and swelling, which progressively decreased; in the IG the presence of iodoform surrounded by normal tissue was observed. The qualitative and quantitative histological analysis showed that IG promoted a shorter delay in the inflammatory response than the CHG. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory reaction for iodoform had a peak period five days after the drug insertion. By comparison, calcium hydroxide showed a very large area of necrosis that could only be partially eliminated after eleven days.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta inflamatória causada pela implantação do iodofórmio ou hidróxido de cálcio em dorso de ratos. Estas drogas podem ser usadas como curativo intracanal para eliminar bactérias residuais do sistema de canal radicular. METODOLOGIA: Foram utilizados 20 ratos albinos (Rattus norvegicus, var Wistar) e divididos em 4 grupos: grupo controle 1 (CG1) representado por tecido normal íntegro; grupo controle 2 (CG2) com ferida e sem medicação; nos grupos 3 e 4, Iodofórmio (IG) e hidróxido de cálcio (CHG) foram, respectivamente, inseridos nas feridas. Após três, cinco e onze dias, cortes microscópicos das áreas implantadas foram observados macroscópica e microscopicamente quanto a seus aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos. RESULTADOS: Na análise macroscópica, o CHG mostrou uma grande área de necrose e edema, o que diminuiu progressivamente, no GI, a presença de iodofórmio rodeada por tecido normal foi observado. A análise qualitativa e quantitativa histológica mostrou que IG promoveu um prazo mais curto na resposta inflamatória do que o CHG. CONCLUSÃO: A reação inflamatória de iodofórmio teve um período de pico de cinco dias após a inserção de drogas. Em comparação, o hidróxido de cálcio mostrou uma grande área de necrose que só poderia ser parcialmente eliminada após onze dias

Li\u27l Abner comic strip

Mittie Elizabeth Creekmore Welty mailed the comic strip from Jackson, Mississippi, to Hubert Creekmore via the Fleet Post Office in San Francisco, California. The Li\u27l Abner comic strip discusses a broken engagement between Li\u27l Abner and Appasionata Van Climax. Includes envelope.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/creekmore/1342/thumbnail.jp