Análise comparativa da qualidade de panificaçao e rendimento de graos entre tritórdeo hexaplóide e outros cereais de inverno

A duplicação cromossômica dos híbridos entre Hordeum chilense e Triticum turgidum conv. durum originou o tritórdeo hexaplóide (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner), um novo cereal cujas características estão sendo avaliadas. Com o objetivo de obter maiores informações sobre o potencial do tritórdeo para a qualidade de panificação e componentes do rendimento de grãos, foi instalado em 1996 em Córdoba, Espanha, um experimento de campo com três repetições. O desempenho de três linhagens de tritórdeo foi comparado com o rendimento de duas variedades comerciais de trigo, duas de trigo duro e quatro de triticale. O conjunto de resultados indicou perspectivas do tritórdeo para o desenvolvimento de variedades altamente produtivas com aceitável qualidade de panificação, especialmente por se tratar de uma espécie nova e ainda pouco melhoradaChromosome duplication of hybrids between Hordeum chilense and Triticum turgidum conv. durum originated a new cereal, of which characteristics for cropping being evaluated, the hexaploid tritordeum (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner). In order to have more information about breadmaking quality and grain yield components in tritordeum, are a field experiment with three replications was carried out during the growing season of 1996 in Córdoba, Spain. Performance of three tritordeum lines was compared with two varieties of wheat, two of durum wheat and four of triticale. Results allow to expect the development of high yielding varieties of tritordeum with acceptable breadmaking qualit

Variabilidad en el fl orecimiento de procedencias de Eucalyptus cladocalyx en la Región de Coquimbo

This work aimed to study the variability in flowering of five populations of Eucalyptus cladocalyx established in the administrative region of Coquimbo, northern Chile. Flowering was recorded as a binary response trait in 30-month-old trees. Then, at first, a generalized linear model was fitted for analyzing provenance effect. Subsequently, genetic variability was studied within the best provenance by Bayesian inference via Gibbs sampling. Initially, two sites were considered: Caracas and Tunga Norte, in the littoral and interior area of the Choapa Province, respectively. In the littoral area, only 1.3% of the trees evidenced flowering events, while in Tunga Norte, this value was 23.43%. For this reason, only interior site was considered. The provenance effect was significant (p < 0.01), with Cowell (codified FDI- 20411) being the population that evidenced a relative better flowering response, although it not was different of the trees from national plantations (FDI-Illapel). However, trees from a local population evidenced a high variability, having a mean response similar to other provenances. The flowering trait analyzed within the Cowell population, the selected provenance, was shown to be highly heritable (h2 = 52.3%). Predicted genetic gain when considering two different breeding strategies varied from 36 to 40%. According to these results, it is possible that farmers can recover establishment costs of E. cladocalyxplantations as soon as possible whenever the selected trees are used for apicultural aims.Se analizó la variabilidad en el florecimiento de cinco poblaciones de Eucalyptus cladocalyx establecidos en la Región de Coquimbo. Se consideró al florecimiento como una respuesta binaria medida a los 30 meses de edad. Por lo tanto, se ajustó un modelo linear generalizado para analizar el efecto de procedencias. Posteriormente, se estudió la variabilidad genética dentro de la mejor procedencia, a través de inferencia Bayesiana, vía algoritmo de Gibbs. Inicialmente, se consideraron dos sitios, Hacienda Caracas y Tunga Norte, sector costero e interior de la Provincia de Choapa, respectivamente. En el sector costero, solo un 1,33% de los árboles presentaron eventos de florecimiento, mientras que en Tunga Norte, este valor fue de 23,43%. Debido a este resultado, se consideró solo el sitio interior. El efecto de procedencias fue estadísticamente significativo (p < 0,01) siendo Cowell (codificada FDI-20411) la población que presentó una mejor respuesta relativa a los eventos de floración, aunque no fue diferente de los árboles de origen nacional (FDI-Illapel). Sin embargo, esta última población presentó una alta variabilidad, teniendo una respuesta media similar estadísticamente a otras procedencias. El florecimiento analizado dentro de la población de Cowell, población seleccionada, mostró ser altamente heredable (h2 = 52,29%). La ganancia genética predicha, considerando distintas estrategias de selección, varió entre 36 y 40%. En función de los resultados, es posible que el agricultor pueda recuperar al corto plazo el costo de establecimiento de la plantación de E. cladocalyx, siempre que los árboles seleccionados sean utilizados con fines melíferos

Predicción del efecto de cultivares de algodón en la presencia de interacción genotipo-ambiente

F. Mora, O. Pupim-Junior, and C.A. Scapim. 2007. Prediction of cultivar effects on cotton yield in the presence of genotype-environment interaction. Cien. Inv. Agr. 34(1):13-21. We aimed to obtain, by the Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (BLUP), a prediction of the cultivar effect of 14 cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum) established at different sites in Brazil and Paraguay during the 2003-2004 growing season. The BLUP of cotton yield was compared with classical stability analysis according to the Plaisted and Peterson, Wricke, Annicchiarico and Lin and Binns models. The Independence Chain (IC) algorithm, within a Bayesian framework, was also utilized for comparison. A likelihood ratio test provided evidence of signifi cant differences for cultivar and genotype-environment interaction effects. These results were confi rmed by Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. Most Spearman and Pearson correlation values were not signifi cant site-to-site (p>0.05), varying from -0.037±0.307 to 0.565±0.290 and from -0.228±0.336 to 0.604±0.257, respectively. The Plaisted and Peterson and Wricke methods showed no signifi cant correlation with BLUP, IC, Annicchiarico and Lin and Binns. On the other hand, Spearman rank coeffi cients were high and signifi cant (p<0.01) between BLUP and Annicchiarico (0.859±0.151) and BLUP and Lin and Binns (-0.899±0.099). BLUP and IC, based on mean and median posterior estimates, had identical ranks. CD-406 and CD99- 2221 were the cultivars that evidenced superior stability, as confi rmed equally by BLUP, IC, Annicchiarico and Lin and Binns, indicating a signifi cant concordance between approaches in relation to genotypic stability. A mixed linear models methodology allows us to get important genotypic information of cotton cultivars with both high productivity and stability in the environments where they will be cultivated by farmers.Se analizó la predicción del efecto de cultivar vía mejor predicción lineal no sesgada (BLUP), de 14 cultivares de algodón (Gossypium hirsutum) establecidos en d m iferentes localidades de Brasil y Paraguay, en la temporada 2003-2004. BLUP, del rendimiento de cultivares, se comparó con el análisis clásico de estabilidad de los modelos desarrollados por Plaisted y Peterson, Wricke, Annicchiarico y Lin y Binns. Un abordaje Bayesiano a través del algoritmo de cadena independiente (IC), se utilizó como otra medida de comparación. La razón de verosimilitud evidenció diferencias significativas para los efectos de cultivar e interacción genotipo-ambiente. Los criterios de información de Akaike y Bayesiano confirmaron estos resultados. La mayoría de las correlaciones de Spearman y Pearson no fueron significativas sitio a sitio (p>0,05), cuyos valores (±error estándar) variaron de -0,037±0,307 a 0,565±0,259 y de -0,228±0,336 a 0,604±0,257, respectivamente. Los métodos de Plaisted y Peterson, y Wricke mostraron correlaciones no significativas con BLUP, IC, Annicchiarico, y Lin y Binns. Por otro lado, los coefi cientes de Spearman fueron altos y signifi cativos (p<0,01) entre BLUP y Annicchiarico: 0,859±0,151, y BLUP y Lin y Binns: -0,899±0,099. BLUP e IC, basado en los valores promedio y mediana a posteriori, evidenciaron idénticos ordenamientos de cultivares. CD406 y CD99-2221 fueron los cultivares que evidenciaron una estabilidad superior, confi rmada por BLUP, IC, Annicchiarico y Lin y Binns, indicando una signifi cativa concordancia entre los procedimientos. Metodología de modelos lineales mixtos permitiría la obtención de importante información genética de los cultivares de algodón con elevada productividad y estabilidad, en los ambientes considerados para su cultivo. &nbsp

Evaluation of phenotypic stability of cassava clones by AMMI analysis in northwestern Paraná state

High yield stability and adaptability of storage root are highly desirable attributes of cassava clones. Theobjective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of the genotype x environment interaction (G x E) and the stability ofcassava clones developed at IAC. A subset of eight cassava genotypes was chosen in trials of storage root yield, arranged ina randomized complete block design with four replications, in two counties (Araruna and Maringá), in the northwesternregion of Paraná State, over five growing seasons (1997-2001). The G x E interaction was evaluated by joint varianceanalysis and stability and adaptability by AMMI analysis. The G x E interaction was significant (P<0.05) for storage rootyield. Results indicated AMMI analysis as an efficient tool for the evaluation of phenotypic adaptability and stability of cassavaclones and IAC 190 as the most promising clone

Genetic divergence in popcorn genotypes using microsatellites in bulk genomic DNA

The genetic diversity of 25 popcorn genotypes was estimated based on DNA bulks from 78 plants of eachvariety. The procedure involved 23 microsatellite loci distributed on 9 maize chromosomes. Clustering analysis according tothe Tocher method and the hierarchical clustering procedures (nearest neighbor, furthest neighbor and Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages - UPGMA) were performed. The cophenetic correlation coefficients indicated theUPGMA method as adequate to distinguish the varieties. The clusters suggested by the molecular analysis generally groupedgenotypes with the same genealogy together. The genetic dissimilarity of the varieties Argentina, Chile, PA-091 and PR-023was higher than of the others. Therefore, higher heterozygosity is expected in progenies from crosses with the other genotypes

El análisis bayesiano y la precisión de los valores de la heredabilidad en especies perennes

The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the precision of the estimate of heritability, which was determined by standard error, considering a Bayesian approach, and to compare such estimate with the classic procedure. Data from progeny trial of 39 Eucalyptus cladocalyx families were used. Trunk basal diameter (measured at age 6) was the dependent variable analyzed. The Bayesian approach was implemented by using the Independence Chain algorithm with informative priors, which had a lower standard deviation of the heritability than both the classic method of Robertson and Jeffreys’ prior distribution (Jeffreys’ prior is in fact a class of uninformative and often improper prior distributions). The Bayesian approach is a valuable inference tool for the genetic evaluation of perennial species, because it considers the variability of the parameters by using posterior distributions.Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar la precisión del valor estimado de la heredabilidad determinada por medio de la desviación estándar, considerando un enfoque Bayesiano, y comparar tal estimativa con el procedimiento clásico. Se utilizaron datos de un ensayo de progenie con 39 familias de Eucalyptus cladocalyx. La variable dependiente usada fue el diámetro basal del fuste medido a los seis años de edad. El método Bayesiano fue implementado por medio del algoritmo de Cadenas Independientes, con informaciones a priori informativas, el cual entregó bajos valores de desviaciones estándar de la heredabilidad, si comparado con la estimación clásica de Robertson y distribución a priori de Jeffreys (la cual es una clase de distribución a priori no informativa y a menudo impropia). El método de análisis Bayesiano es una herramienta de inferencia valiosa para la evaluación genética de especies perennes, ya que considera la variabilidad de los parámetros por medio de las distribuciones a posteriori

Classification of vigor levels for soybean seeds using the accelerated aging test

ABSTRACT: The accelerated aging test is among the most widely used seed vigor tests, due to its accuracy and sensitivity in detecting differences in physiological quality among seed lots with similar germination rates. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a soybean seed vigor classification table for the period of seed delivery to customers after six months of conventional storage using the results obtained in the accelerated aging test at 41 °C for 24 hours. For that purpose, regression equations were used, considering the vigor level results from the accelerated aging test as the independent variable and the germination test, first germination count, seedling vigor classification, electrical conductivity, and percentage of seedling emergence in the field as dependent variables. Their relationships with seed physiological quality were estimated using Pearson’s simple correlation analysis and simple regression analysis at 1% and 5% probability levels. The vigor classification levels for soybean seeds after the accelerated aging test are proposed as follows: very high (90% to 100% normal seedlings), high (80% to 89% normal seedlings), medium (61% to 79% normal seedlings), and low (≤ 60% normal seedlings)

The bayesian approach and the precision of the heritability estimate in perennial species

Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar la precisi\uf3n del valor estimado de la heredabilidad determinada por medio de la desviaci\uf3n est\ue1ndar, considerando un enfoque Bayesiano, y comparar tal estimativa con el procedimiento cl\ue1sico. Se utilizaron datos de un ensayo de progenie con 39 familias de Eucalyptus cladocalyx. La variable dependiente usada fue el di\ue1metro basal del fuste medido a los seis a\uf1os de edad. El m\ue9todo Bayesiano fue implementado por medio del algoritmo de Cadenas Independientes, con informaciones a priori informativas, el cual entreg\uf3 bajos valores de desviaciones est\ue1ndar de la heredabilidad, si comparado con la estimaci\uf3n cl\ue1sica de Robertson y distribuci\uf3n a priori de Jeffreys (la cual es una clase de distribuci\uf3n a priori no informativa y a menudo impropia). El m\ue9todo de an\ue1lisis Bayesiano es una herramienta de inferencia valiosa para la evaluaci\uf3n gen\ue9tica de especies perennes, ya que considera la variabilidad de los par\ue1metros por medio de las distribuciones a posteriori.The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the precision of the estimate of heritability, which was determined by standard error, considering a Bayesian approach, and to compare such estimate with the classic procedure. Data from progeny trial of 39 Eucalyptus cladocalyx families were used. Trunk basal diameter (measured at age 6) was the dependent variable analyzed. The Bayesian approach was implemented by using the Independence Chain algorithm with informative priors, which had a lower standard deviation of the heritability than both the classic method of Robertson and Jeffreys\u2019 prior distribution (Jeffreys\u2019 prior is in fact a class of uninformative and often improper prior distributions). The Bayesian approach is a valuable inference tool for the genetic evaluation of perennial species, because it considers the variability of the parameters by using posterior distributions

Heredabilidad de la sobrevivencia en 169 familias de maíz-roseta de granos blancos: Un enfoque Bayesiano

During the genetic evaluation of 169 half-sib families of white grain popcorn (Zea mays), at the beginning of a breeding program conducted in southern Brazil (Cycle I), significant differences in family survival were detected (p &lt; 0.01). Consequently, plant survival was incorporated into the breeding program. The main objective of this study was to examine genetic parameters for plant survival, and their association with other traits of agronomic interest. A Bayesian approach was used for this purpose, implemented by Gibbs sampling (for individual plant selection) and independence chain algorithms (for family selection). The survival (measured as a binary trait) varied from 48 to 100% at the family level. Heritability (h2) was significant and high for this trait, with a posterior mean of h2=0.63 and Bayesian credible interval of 0.53-0.74. The genetic gain was 14.5% (selection intensity: 20%). Survival was correlated positively and significantly with grain yield (p &lt; 0.01), indicating that family selection based on survival alone would have a positive effect on yield and vice versa. The Spearman correlation coefficient calculated between survival and popping expansion was not significantly different from zero, indicating that selection.Durante la evaluaci&oacute;n gen&eacute;tica de 169 familias de medios hermanos de ma&iacute;z-roseta de granos blancos (Zea mays ( ( ), en el inicio de un programa de mejoramiento gen&eacute;tico (Ciclo I) conducido en el sur de Brasil, se detectaron diferencias significativas (p &lt; 0,01) en la sobrevivencia. Consecuentemente, la sobrevivencia se incorpor&oacute; dentro del programa de mejoramiento. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar par&aacute;metros gen&eacute;ticos para la sobrevivencia, y su asociaci&oacute;n con otras caracter&iacute;sticas agron&oacute;micas. Para cumplir con este objetivo se us&oacute; un enfoque Bayesiano, v&iacute;a el algoritmo de Gibbs (para selecci&oacute;n de plantas individuales) y algoritmo de cadenas independientes (para la selecci&oacute;n de familias). La sobrevivencia&nbsp; (medida como una caracter&iacute;stica binaria) vari&oacute; de 48 a 100%, a nivel de familias. La heredabilidad (h2) fue significativa&nbsp; y alta para tal caracter&iacute;stica, con un valor promedio a posteriori de h2&nbsp; = 0,63 e intervalo de credibilidad Bayesiano entre 0,53 y 0,74. La ganancia gen&eacute;tica fue de 14,5% (i nt ens id ad de&nbsp; s ele c c i&oacute;n:&nbsp; 2 0%). La sobrevivencia se correlacion&oacute; positiva&nbsp; y significativamente (p &lt; 0,01) con la productividad de los granos, indicando que la selecci&oacute;n de familias basado en la sobrevivencia tendr&iacute;a un efecto positivo en el rendimiento, y vice versa.&nbsp; Ent re la sobrevivencia y la capacidad de expansi&oacute;n la correlaci&oacute;n de Spearman no fue significativamente&nbsp; diferente de cero, indicando que la selecci&oacute;n de familias por su capacidad de expansi&oacute;n no tendr&iacute;a un efecto significativo sobre la sobrevivencia. Se&nbsp; concluye que la sobrevivencia de las plantas&nbsp; de ma&iacute;z-roseta deber&iacute;a ser incluida como una caracter&iacute;stica importante dentro del programa de mejoramiento de la especie, la cual puede ser&nbsp; estudiada a trav&eacute;s de los m&eacute;todos Bayesianos